“…Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting represents a form of voluntary corporate non-financial disclosure for managers to signal their trustworthiness and communicate private information to investors. The literature indicates that CSR information has incremental value to investors when evaluating, for example, companies' future financial performance (Orlitzky et al, 2003;Servaes and Tamayo, 2013;Manchiraju and Rajgopal, 2017;Clarkson et al, 2019), cost of equity capital (Dhaliwal et al, 2011), labour productivity (Christensen et al, 2017), earning quality (Kim et al, 2012), and even the propensity to commit high-profile corporate misconduct (Christensen, 2016). Given such evidence, companies both within the United States and globally are increasingly providing standalone CSR reports voluntarily, in addition to traditional corporate financial disclosures, in response to the growing demand for CSR information by stakeholders (KPMG, 2015).…”