Does crop succession and nitrogen splitting fertilization change the technological quality of common bean?

Abstract

The crop succession and nitrogen splitting fertilization are managements that can affect the common bean technological quality and, consequently, the profitability of producer and the food biological value. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether crop succession and N splitting fertilization promote differences in the technological quality of common bean grains. The experiment was carried out during winter over two agricultural years in southeastern Brazil. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed of three crop successional systems (maize sole, maize + Urochloa ruziziensis, U. ruziziensis sole) and the subplots contained nine combinations of N splitting fertilization at a rate of 90 kg•ha -1 N top-dressing in the phenological stages V 3 , V 4 , and R 5 of the common bean and a control without fertilization. The evaluated variables were: sieve yield greater than or equal to 12 (SY ≥ 12), crude protein content, cooking time, and hydration ratio. Crop succession promotes differences in the technological quality of common bean; however, the N splitting fertilization did not change the technological attributes of grains. The highest technological quality of common bean was obtained after succession with U. ruziziensis sole, generating large size and crude protein content of grain, followed by the succession with maize + U. ruziziensis intercropping, and finally, the succession with maize sole. Therefore, the crop succession is a fundamental factor for obtaining common bean with higher technological quality, affecting the food biological value and the profitability of producers.

What are the impacts of the common bean production system on production and quality attributes of the grains?

“…The experiment was implemented with conventional soil preparation, using one plowing and two harrowing. The seeds were sown on August 07, 2013, which defined it as a winter-spring crop season (PAULA JUNIOR et al, 2007), using 12 seeds per meter of furrows, and spacing of 0.45 m between rows.…”

“…The cooking time was determined using samples hydrated in water for 12 h and placed in a Mattson cooker with water at temperature of 96°C, as carried out by and Mingotte et al (2021). The hydration PINTO, C. C. et al (2021) Sci.…”

“…Parana., Marechal Cândido Rondon, v. 20, n. 4, oct./dec., p. 352-358, 2021352-358, ALVES et al, 2020, including important studies on genotypes × environment interactions (PEREIRA et al 2012;PEREIRA et al, 2018). However, the constant launch of cultivars requires studies on different environments and production systems to base the recommendation of these materials and assist in the use of more productive and commercially accepted cultivars (CARBONELL et al, 2010;LEAL et al, 2019;NUNES et al, 2021). The adequate choice of cultivars can result in gains of up to 120% in grain yield (ALVES et al, 2020) and more than 10% in grain protein contents (TERRA et al, 2019;FERREIRA et al, 2021), denoting its importance in production systems.…”

“…Focused on reverting this consumption situation, a continued process for the obtaining of increases in grain yield and improvement of performance of cultivars is important. However, it should be combined with products with quality attributes desired by consumers, mainly low cooking time and high hydration capacity, and that present not only quantity, but quality of proteins (LEAL et al, 2021;MINGOTTE et al, 2021;NUNES et al, 2021). Other important quality attributes for growers of common bean, especially for varieties of the carioca group, are grain yield and integument color; large and clear grains present higher commercial value because consumers associate it with recently-harvested grains that present fast cooking (CARBONELL et al, 2010;LEMOS et al, 2015).…”

Trend Technologies for Robotic Fertilization Process in Row Crops

“…Conventional fertilization systems focus on spraying vast cultivation areas using sophisticated and expensive irrigation equipment, covering even large hectares. ( Abd El-Azeim et al, 2020 ; Mingotte et al, 2021 ). However, these systems do not consider the plants’ specific needs, nor are they eco-friendly with the soil, which over time can cause its degeneration and erosion.…”