Does delay in feedback diminish sense of agency? A review

Wen, Wen

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.05.007

Cited by 94 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…It remains to be established to what extent expectations and feedbacks should be tied in time for the emergence of a sense of agency (6). It is also not completely clear whether the sense of agency can be manipulated, e.g., by varying the timing of the feedback with regard to dominant expectations based on daily life experience or by modulation of the activity of the brain areas involved [see table S1 for a synopsis of previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies on the sense of agency].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the effects of actions become our own

et al. 2020

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Every day, we do things that cause effects in the outside world with little doubt about who caused what. To some, this sense of agency derives from a post hoc reconstruction of a likely causal relationship between an event and our preceding movements; others propose that the sense of agency originates from prospective comparisons of motor programs and their effects. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that the sense of agency is associated with a brain network including the pre–supplementary motor area (SMA) and dorsal parietal cortex. Transcranial magnetic stimulation affected the sense of agency only when delivered over the pre-SMA and specifically when time-locked to action planning, rather than when the physical consequences of the actions appeared. These findings make a prospective theory of the sense of agency more likely.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the effects of actions become our own

et al. 2020

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“…At the same time, the first fixation cross was present, but in this condition, S1 appeared with a random delay (400-600 ms) after the button press. This time-lapse does not disturb the sense of agency of individuals (Wen 2019). The P condition corresponds to the classic automatic presentation of the stimuli, which appear after a random fixation time of 600-1000 ms.…”

Section: Taskmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, to test if agency influence is based on temporal prediction, a decoupled encoding condition (AD) was designed. AD consisted of the presentation of the stimuli after a random delay (400-600 ms) after the button press, which reduces the temporal predictability of the stimuli onset without affecting the sense of agency (Wen 2019). In case the modulatory effects of agency rely on time-prediction only, we should find: a) no significant differences in performance and ERP components between AD and P conditions, since both conditions lack of precise timeprediction of stimuli onset, and b) statistically significant difference in performance and ERP components between AC and AD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Agency improves working memory and accelerates visual and attentional processing

Loyola-Navarro

Moënne‐Loccoz

Vergara

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Agency, understood as the ability of an organism to control stimuli onset, modulates perceptual and attentional functions. Since stimulus encoding is an essential component of working memory (WM), we conjectured that the perceptual process's agency would positively modulate WM. To corroborate this proposition, we tested twenty-five healthy subjects in a modified-Sternberg WM task under three stimuli presentation conditions: an unpredictable presentation of encoding stimulus, self-initiated presentation of the stimulus, and self-initiation presentation with random-delay stimulus onset. Concurrently, we recorded the subjects' electroencephalographic signals during WM encoding. We found that the self-initiation condition was associated with better WM accuracy, and earlier latencies of N100 and P200 evoked potential components representing visual and attentional processes, respectively. Our work demonstrates that agency enhances WM performance and accelerates early visual and attentional processes deployed during WM encoding. We also found that self-initiation presentation correlates with an increased attentional state compared to the other two conditions, suggesting a role for temporal stimuli predictability. Our study remarks on the relevance of agency in sensory and attentional processing for WM.

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“…SoA is a multi-faceted concept, with a resulting diversity in measures used to assess it (Wen, 2019). On the one hand, SoA is related to a feeling of authorship, which is commonly measured using intentional binding (Engbert et al, 2008).…”

Section: Aim Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Attribution of intentional agency towards robots reduces one’s own sense of agency

Ciardo¹,

Beyer²,

Tommaso³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In the presence of others, sense of agency (SoA), i.e. the perceived relationship between our own actions and external events, is reduced. The present study aimed at investigating whether the phenomenon of reduced SoA is observed in human-robot interaction, similarly to human-human interaction. To this end, we tested SoA when people interacted with a robot (Experiment 1), with a passive, non-agentic air pump (Experiment 2), or when they interacted with both a robot and a human being (Experiment 3). Participants were asked to rate the perceived control they felt on the outcome of their action while performing a diffusion of responsibility task. Results showed that the intentional agency attributed to the artificial entity differently affect the performance and the perceived SoA on the outcome of the task. Experiment 1 showed that, when participants successfully performed an action, they rated SoA over the outcome as lower in trials in which the robot was also able to act (but did not), compared to when they were performing the task alone. However, this did not occur in Experiment 2, where the artificial entity was an air pump, which had the same influence on the task as the robot, but in a passive manner and thus lacked intentional agency. Results of Experiment 3 showed that SoA was reduced similarly for the human and robot agents, threby indicating that attribution of intentional agency plays a crucial role in reduction of SoA. Together, our results suggest that interacting with robotic agents affects SoA, similarly to interacting with other humans, but differently from interacting with non-agentic mechanical devices. This has important implications for the applied of social robotics, where a subjective decrease in SoA could have negative consequences, such as in robot-assisted care in hospitals.

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Does delay in feedback diminish sense of agency? A review

Cited by 94 publications

References 85 publications

How the effects of actions become our own

How the effects of actions become our own

Agency improves working memory and accelerates visual and attentional processing

Attribution of intentional agency towards robots reduces one’s own sense of agency

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