We trace the evolution of Indian physics community from 1919-2013 by analyzing the co-authorship network constructed from papers published by authors in India in American Physical Society (APS) journals. We make inferences on India's contribution to different branches of Physics and identify the most influential Indian physicists at different time periods. The relative contribution of India to global physics publication(research) and its variation across subfields of Physics is assessed. We extract the changing collaboration pattern of authors between Indian physicists through various network measures. We study the evolution of Indian physics communities and trace the mean life and stationarity of communities by size in different APS journals. We map the transition of authors between communities of different sizes from 1970-2013, capturing their birth, growth, merger and collapse. We find that Indian-Foreign collaborations are increasing at a faster pace compared to the Indian-Indian. We observe that the degree distribution of Indian collaboration networks follows the power law, with distinct patterns between Physical Review A, B and E, and high energy physics journals Physical Review C and D, and Physical Review Letters. In almost every measure, we observe strong structural differences between low-energy and high-energy physics journals.
IntroductionStudy of complex networks has revolutionized our understanding of several complex phenomena observed in the fields such as biology, epidemiology, ecology, neuroscience, sociology and economics 1-4 . Most real world networks are dynamic, as both the representative nodes and the relationship between the nodes keeps changing with time. Analyzing the evolution of such networks helps us to understand the structural and functional relationship between the variables of interest, and their dynamics 5-7 . In the last decade, network science community has studied various emergent phenomena in real world networks like community structure 8, 9 , percolation transitions and cascading failures 10-12 .Sociologists and economists have long realized the importance of social networks in the formation of social groups, political parties, professional bodies, trading networks, movie actors, and scientific communities. Tracing the evolution of such networks help us to understand the dynamics of society, politics, trade, cinema and science. Scientific body of knowledge is formed by communities of scientists working together on problems of common interest. The availability of metadata of papers, authors, references and citations, in scientific journals and archives drove a large body of work on understanding of scientific collaborations and their impact on science itself [13][14][15][16] .Study of scientific collaborations which reflect on the nature and growth of scientific disciplines dates back to the pre-digital era [17][18][19][20] . In recent decades, digitization and documentation of scientific articles has enabled scientific community to build network of scientific collaborations a...