Does early caregiving matter? The effects on young caregivers’                 adult mental health

Shifren, Kim; Kachorek, Lauren V.

doi:10.1080/01650250244000371

Cited by 73 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Gates and Lackey (1998) have examined the impact of caregiving on young people looking after adults with cancer and chronic physical illness (Lackey and Gates, 2001), while Beach (1994Beach ( , 1997 has focused on the impact of family caregiving on children where a parent has Alzheimer's Type Dementia. Other small-scale studies (Bauman and Draimin, 2003;Shifren and Kachorek, 2003;Siskowski, 2004;Winton, 2003) add to the US research base on children's caregiving experiences and outcomes. In 2003, the United Hospital Fund (based in New York) brought together these and other researchers, policy makers, former child caregivers and interested parties, including researchers and policy makers from the UK, for the first US seminar specifically on young caregivers.…”

Section: Social Policy and Service Developments At The National Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perspectives on Children’s Unpaid Caregiving in the Family

Becker

2007

Global Social Policy

238

118

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This article provides the first cross-national review and synthesis of available statistical and research evidence from three developed countries, the UK, Australia and the USA, and from sub-Saharan Africa, on children who provide substantial, regular or significant unpaid care to other family members (‘young carers/caregivers’). It uses the issue of young carers as a window on the formulation and delivery of social policy in a global context. The article examines the extent of children’s informal caregiving in each country; how young carers differ from other children; and how children’s caring has been explained in research from both developed and developing countries. The article includes a review of the research, social policy and service developments for young carers in each country. National levels of awareness and policy response are characterized as ‘advanced’, ‘intermediate’, ‘preliminary’ or ‘emerging’. Explanations are provided for variations in national policy and practice drawing on themes from the globalization literature. Global opportunities and constraints to progress, particularly in Africa, are identified. The article suggests that children’s informal caring roles in both developed and developing nations can be located along a ‘caregiving continuum’ and that young carers, globally, have much in common irrespective of where they live or how developed are their national welfare systems. There is a need in all countries for young carers to be recognized, identified, analysed and supported as a distinct group of ‘vulnerable children’.

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Section: Social Policy and Service Developments At The National Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perspectives on Children’s Unpaid Caregiving in the Family

Becker

2007

Global Social Policy

238

118

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“…The presence of young caregivers in the U.S. is likely to be a growing problem (Hunt et al 2005;Lackey and Gates 2001;Shifren and Kachorek 2003). This is due, in part, to the fact that women in the U.S. are giving birth at older ages (their 30s and 40s) with greater frequency than ever before (Ventura et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Though the studies above indicate growing interest in the experiences of young caregivers in the U.S., there is still little focus on how early caregiving may affect adult development and aging (for exceptions, see Lackey and Gates 2001;Shifren and Kachorek 2003). Early caregiving could have important long-term effects on multiple aspects of young caregivers' development including decisions about marriage and family, and mental and physical health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Early Caregiving: Perceived Parental Relations and Current Social Support

Shifren

2008

J Adult Dev

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There is very little research on the effects of early caregiving on adult development. The purpose of the present study was to: (1) provide descriptive information on young caregivers, and (2) determine if there is a relation between early caregiving experiences, early parent-child relations and their current (adult) social support. Early caregiving was defined as providing assistance with basic and/or instrumental activities of daily living to parents or adult relatives, while under the age of 21. Thirty-eight individuals (33 females, 5 males) completed measures of their early caregiving experiences, the Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI), and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Individuals who began caregiving at older ages (adolescence) perceived their father's as more warm and caring than those who began caregiving at younger ages (early to middle childhood). Smaller amounts of care provided to care recipients were associated with more perceived current affectionate support and emotional and informational support available to young caregivers in adulthood. The smaller the duration of the caregiving experience, the more perceived affectionate support available to young caregivers in adulthood. The higher the reports of father's warmth and caring toward the young caregiver, the more perceived tangible support available to them in adulthood. Warmth from father's during the first 16 years of life is also associated with reports of a greater amount of relatives and friends available to provide support.

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“…Ebeveynleşmenin bireyin ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen araştırmalar ise çocukken gelişim düzeyinin üzerindeki rol ve sorumluluklar üstlenmenin, sonraki yıllarda daha fazla depresyon (Shifren ve Kachorek, 2003, Williams ve Francis, 2010, kaygı (Tan, Moulding, Nedeljkovic ve Kyrios, 2010;Williams, 2010), somatizasyon (Schier, Herke, Nickel, Egle ve Hardt, 2015), obsesif inançlar (Köyden, 2015), yeme bozukluğu (Ketisch, Jones, Mirsalimi, Casey ve Milton, 2014) ve alkol/madde bağımlılığı veya kötüye kullanımı (Dragan ve Hardt, 2016;Hooper, Doehler, Jankowski ve Tomek, 2012;Rothman, Bernstein ve Strunin, 2010) ile ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. On iki araştırma üzerinden yürütülen bir meta-analiz çalışmasında (Hooper, DeCoster, White ve Voltz, 2011) ise ebeveynleşmenin yetişkinlik dönemi psikopatolojileri üzerinde pozitif yönlü, küçük ama önemli bir etkiye (r = .14) sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.…”

Section: çOcukluk Dönemindeki Ebeveynleşmenin Birey üZerindeki Etkileriunclassified

“…En çok vurgulanan özelliklerden biri, bakım verici davranışların şiddeti ve süresi ile ilgilidir. Haftada 20 saatin üzerinde olan, birkaç yılın üzerinde devam eden ve çocuğa gelişim düzeyinin çok üstünde sorumluluklar yükleyen ebeveynleşme yaşantılarının olumsuz etkiler yaratma olasılığı daha yüksektir (East, 2010;Shifren ve Kachorek, 2003). Diğer bir düzenleyici değişken cinsiyettir.…”

Section: Ebeveynleşmenin Sonuçlarıyla İlişkili Olan Aracı Ve Düzenleyiciunclassified

Characteristics of Childhood Parentification and Its Effects on the Individual

Akün¹

2017

Nesne

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ÖZEbeveynleşme, çocuğun gelişim düzeyine uygun olmayan rol ve sorumluluklar üstlenerek, ebeveyninin fiziksel ve/veya duygusal isteklerini ve ihtiyaçlarını gidermeye çalıştığı bir ebeveyn-çocuk etkileşimi örüntüsüdür. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında, ebeveynleşme yaşantılarının özelliklerinin ve birey üzerindeki etkilerinin, kuramsal yaklaşımlar ve araştırma bulguları çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle ebeveynleşme kavramının tanımı, türleri ve kavramı açıklayan kuramsal yaklaşımlar aktarılmıştır. Ardından, ebeveynleşmenin sık görüldüğü aile örüntüleri ele alınarak, risk faktörleri tanımlanmıştır. Ebeveynleşme yaşantılarının çocuk, ergen ve yetişkin üzerindeki olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri ile bu etkilerin ortaya çıkmasında aracı ve düzenleyici rol oynayan değişkenler, araştırma bulguları çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak, ebeveynleşmiş çocuk, ergen ve yetişkinlerle çalışan ruh sağlığı uzmanlarına öneriler sunulmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: ebeveynleşme, ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkisi, uzun süreli etkiler Akün, E. (2017). Çocukluktaki ebeveynleşme yaşantılarının özellikleri ve birey üzerindeki etkileri. Nesne, 5(10), 219-246.1 Araştırma Görevlisi Dr., Ankara Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, eakun(at)ankara.edu.tr www.nesnedergisi.com 220 Characteristics of Childhood Parentification and ItsEffects on the Individual ABSTRACTParentification is a parent-child interaction pattern in which the child tries to meet the physical and/or emotional needs of the parent by assuming roles and responsibilities that are inappropriate for the child's developmental level. In this review, it was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of parentification and its effects on the individual within the framework of theoretical approaches and research findings. Firstly, the theoretical approaches explaining the definition and types of parentification are introduced. Secondly, risk factors are defined by considering the family patterns which are frequently seen. Thirdly, the positive and negative effects of parentification on children, adolescents and adults, and the variables mediating and moderating these effects were evaluated within the framework of research findings. Lastly, Finally, recommendations to mental health professionals working with parentified children, adolescents and adults were evaluated.

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Does early caregiving matter? The effects on young caregivers’ adult mental health

Cited by 73 publications

References 35 publications

Global Perspectives on Children’s Unpaid Caregiving in the Family

Global Perspectives on Children’s Unpaid Caregiving in the Family

Early Caregiving: Perceived Parental Relations and Current Social Support

Characteristics of Childhood Parentification and Its Effects on the Individual

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