Does Ethnicity Contribute to the Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes?

Lee, Ping Yein; Cheong, Ai Theng; Ahmad, Zaiton; Ismail, Mastura; Chew, Boon How; Sazlina, Sharrif G.; Adam, Bujang Mohamad; Alwi, S. A. R. Syed; Haniff, Jamaiyah; Taher, Saadi

doi:10.1177/1010539511430521

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Assuming a standard and common A1C goal of 7% for all patients, the excess mean A1C of 1.07% in 2017 represented 22.5% higher risks of diabetes-related endpoints in our patients 6,17 . These morbidity and mortality outcomes may be preventable if additional attention is given to control their glycaemia 9 In this study, Chinese ethnic patients had the overall best A1C control compared to Malays and Indians, as reported in a previous study 33 . Post hoc analysis showed that Chinese ethnic patients had the lowest percentage of loss to follow-up, which may imply better health behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Predictors of glycosylated haemoglobin A1C trend among type 2 diabetes patients in a multi-ethnic country

Wan

Hairi

Mustapha

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Good control of glycosylated haemoglobin A1C in diabetes patients prevents cardiovascular complications. We aim to describe the A1C trend and determine the predictors of the trend among type 2 diabetes patients in Malaysia. Longitudinal data in the National Diabetes Registry from 2013 to 2017 were analysed using linear mixed-effects modelling. Among 17,592 patients, 56.3% were females, 64.9% Malays, and the baseline mean age was 59.1 years. The U-shaped A1C trend changed marginally from 7.89% in 2013 to 8.07% in 2017. The A1C excess of 1.07% as reported in 2017 represented about 22% higher risk of diabetes-related death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, which are potentially preventable. The predictors for higher baseline A1C were non-Chinese ethnicity, younger age groups, longer diabetes duration, patients on insulin treatment, polypharmacy use, patients without hypertension, and patients who were not on antihypertensive agents. Younger age groups predicted a linear increase in the A1C trend, whereas patients on insulin treatment predicted a linear decrease in the A1C trend. Specifically, the younger adults and patients of Indian and Malay ethnicities had the poorest A1C trends. Targeted interventions should be directed at these high-risk groups to improve their A1C control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Predictors of glycosylated haemoglobin A1C trend among type 2 diabetes patients in a multi-ethnic country

Wan

Hairi

Mustapha

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…(10,23) Glycaemic control was found to be worse among adults of Malay ethnicity, followed by those of Indian and Chinese ethnicities. (24) The proportion of Malaysians aged ≥ 60 years with HbA1c level ≥ 7.0% was 58.3%. (25) Adult Malaysians with poor glycaemic control were found to lack knowledge on diabetes mellitus and demonstrate inadequate self-care practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Predictors of poor glycaemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sazlina¹,

Ismail²,

Cheong³

et al. 2015

smedj

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“…Malaysian data showed an increase in the prevalence of T2DM, a high number of diabetes-related complications and persistent poor disease control and management among T2DM patients [ 12 , 13 ], especially among the Malays [ 14 ]. Given the importance of illness perceptions for health behaviour and outcomes and given the rising burden of T2DM and its associated mood disorders in Malaysia [ 15 , 16 ], we translated and validated a Malay version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (MBIPQ) to facilitate the assessment of illness perceptions in a Malay-speaking population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of a Malay version of the brief illness perception questionnaire for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Chew

Heijmans

Sazlina

et al. 2017

BMC Med Res Methodol

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BackgroundIllness perceptions involve the personal beliefs that patients have about their illness and may influence health behaviours considerably. Since an instrument to measure these perceptions for Malay population in Malaysia is lacking, we translated and examined the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (MBIPQ) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThe MBIPQ has nine items, all use a 0–10 response scale, except the ninth item about causal factors, which is an open-ended item. A standard procedure was used to translate and adapt the English BIPQ into Malay language. Construct validity was examined comparing item scores and scores on the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale, HbA1c and the presence of complications. In addition, 2-week and 4-week test-retest reliability were studied.ResultsA total of 312 patients completed the MBIPQ. Out of this, 97 and 215 patients completed the 2- or 4-weeks test-retest reliability questionnaire, respectively. Moderate inter-items correlations were observed between illness perception dimensions (r = −0.31 to 0.53). MBIPQ items showed the expected correlations with self-efficacy (r = 0.35), medication adherence (r = 0.29), quality of life (r = −0.17 to 0.31) and depressive symptoms (r = −0.18 to 0.21). People with severe diabetes-related distress also were more concern (t-test = 4.01, p < 0.001) and experienced lower personal control (t-test = 2.07, p = 0.031). People with any diabetes-related complication perceived the consequences as more serious (t-test = 2.04, p = 0.044). The 2-week and 4-week test-retest reliabilities varied between ICCagreement 0.39 to 0.70 and 0.58 to 0.78, respectively.ConclusionsThe psychometric properties of items in the MBIPQ are moderate. The MBIPQ showed good cross-cultural validity and moderate construct validity. Test-retest reliability was moderate. Despite the moderate psychometric properties, the MBIPQ may be useful in clinical practice as it is a useful instrument to elicit and communicate on patient’s personal thoughts and feelings. Future research is needed to establish its responsiveness and predictive validity.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02730754 registered on March 29, 2016; NCT02730078 registered on March 29, 2016.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0394-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Does Ethnicity Contribute to the Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes?

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Predictors of glycosylated haemoglobin A1C trend among type 2 diabetes patients in a multi-ethnic country

Predictors of glycosylated haemoglobin A1C trend among type 2 diabetes patients in a multi-ethnic country

Predictors of poor glycaemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Validity and reliability of a Malay version of the brief illness perception questionnaire for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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