Does four-week consecutive, dawn-to-sunset intermittent fasting during Ramadan affect cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Jahrami, Haitham; Faris, MoezAlIslam; Janahi, Abdulrahman I.; Janahi, Mohamed I.; Abdelrahim, Dana N.; Madkour, Mohamed; Sater, Mai S.; Hassan, Adla B; BaHammam, Ahmed S.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.002

Cited by 62 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The duration of the daily fast during this month varies according to the geographical area and to its timing in the year, reaching in some countries and seasons to 19 h a day. This yearly fast, combined with many lifestyle modifications in physical activity (7,8), sleep patterns and circadian rhythmic changes (9)(10)(11) have been shown to incur significant changes in dietary habits and food consumption patterns (12)(13)(14) leading ultimately to significant anthropometric, cardiometabolic, glucoregulatory, and inflammatory changes (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Dietary Intakes Among Healthy Adults: A Year-Round Comparative Study

et al. 2021

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Religious rituals are considered among the principle factors that impact dietary behaviors and food selections. The main objective of this study is to characterize food intake among Lebanese adults observant of the fasting month of Ramadan and compare it to their intake of the rest of the year. During a year-round study, including the month of Ramadan, Lebanese adults (n = 62), completed multiple (9 to 13) 24-h dietary recalls. Information about sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics was also obtained. Dietary intake was examined using food groups as well as energy, macro, and micronutrient consumption. Significant differences in dietary intakes were observed for 12 of the 19 food groups (expressed as a percent of total energy) during Ramadan as compared to the rest of the year. More specifically, the intakes of cereals, cereal-based products, pasta, eggs, nuts and seeds, milk and dairy, and fats and oils were lower, while vegetables, dried fruit, Arabic sweets, cakes and pastries, and sugar-sweetened-beverages intakes were higher during Ramadan as compared to the remainder of the year (p < 0.05). Such differences in food groups' intakes were reflected in nutrients intakes, including carbohydrates, cholesterol, calcium, beta-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and magnesium. The findings of this study highlighted major differences in dietary intakes between the fasting month as compared to the rest of the year. With the large number of adults who observe fasting during Ramadan, the particularities of dietary intake during Ramadan ought to be considered in the development of context and culture-specific dietary recommendations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Dietary Intakes Among Healthy Adults: A Year-Round Comparative Study

et al. 2021

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“…A recent meta-analysis including 91 studies has shown that Ramadan produces a small but significant reduction in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), diastolic blood pressure, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [ 49 ]. Two other meta-analyses have shown that IF regimens reduced total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure compared to unrestricted eating, although the clinical relevance of the magnitude of these reductions may be debatable [ 34 , 40 ].…”

Section: Impact Of If On Cardiometabolic Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of IF in humans is still in its infancy. To date, pioneer studies have shown that IF regimens slightly decrease body weight and fat mass and improve cardiometabolic risk factors compared to unrestricted eating, especially in metabolic unhealthy study participants [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 49 , 50 ]. According to the current evidence, IF regimens and continuous daily CR seem to be equally effective to enhance body composition and cardiometabolic health [ 34 , 40 ], which is partly explained by the similar adherence to both interventions [ 7 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Perspectives Of the Usefulness Of If On Cardiometabolic Heal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective

2022

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This review summarizes the effects of different types of intermittent fasting (IF) on human cardiometabolic health, with a focus on energy metabolism. First, we discuss the coordinated metabolic adaptations (energy expenditure, hormonal changes and macronutrient oxidation) occurring during a 72 h fast. We then discuss studies investigating the effects of IF on cardiometabolic health, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Finally, we discuss how IF may be optimized by combining it with exercise. In general, IF regimens improve body composition, ectopic fat, and classic cardiometabolic risk factors, as compared to unrestricted eating, especially in metabolically unhealthy participants. However, it is still unclear whether IF provides additional cardiometabolic benefits as compared to continuous daily caloric restriction (CR). Most studies found no additional benefits, yet some preliminary data suggest that IF regimens may provide cardiometabolic benefits in the absence of weight loss. Finally, although IF and continuous daily CR appear to induce similar changes in energy expenditure, IF regimens may differentially affect substrate oxidation, increasing protein and fat oxidation. Future tightly controlled studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of IF and its role in cardiometabolic health and energy metabolism.

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“…Four- and 6-h time-restricted feedings can result in similar weight loss by 3.2% and reduce insulin resistance by 12–29% in obese individuals ( 4 ). Moreover, time-restricted feeding for 5 weeks has been found to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 11 ± 4 mmHg and 10 ± 4 mmHg, respectively, in men with impaired glucose tolerance ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking Football During Ramadan Fasting for Cardiometabolic and Psychological Health Benefits to the Physically Challenged and Aged Populations

Zainudin

Salle

Aziz³

2022

Front. Nutr.

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Concurrent exercise and intermittent fasting regimens for long periods have been shown to enhance cardiometabolic health in healthy individuals. As exercise and fasting confer health benefits independently, we propose that Muslims who are fasting, especially those experiencing health and clinical challenges, continually engage in physical activity during the Ramadan month. In this opinion piece, we recommend walking football (WF) as the exercise of choice among Muslims who are fasting. WF can be played by any individual regardless of the level of fitness, skills, and age. WF has been shown to elicit cardiovascular and metabolic stress responses, which are suitable for populations with low fitness levels. Most importantly, WF has the inherent characteristics of being a fun team activity requiring social interactions among participants and, hence, likely to encourage long-term consistent and sustainable participation.

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Does four-week consecutive, dawn-to-sunset intermittent fasting during Ramadan affect cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Cited by 62 publications

References 132 publications

Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Dietary Intakes Among Healthy Adults: A Year-Round Comparative Study

Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Dietary Intakes Among Healthy Adults: A Year-Round Comparative Study

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective

Walking Football During Ramadan Fasting for Cardiometabolic and Psychological Health Benefits to the Physically Challenged and Aged Populations

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