Study Objectives: No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet been conducted to examine the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of sleep problems among the general population, health care workers, or patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to assess the impact and prevalence of sleep problems among those categories. Methods:

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The misinterpretation of the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for creating devastating stress that might turn into anxiety and other psychological diseases. The social isolation, quarantine, and lockdown can increase stress responses and generate more status of uncertainty. The body of knowledge has a significant gap in relevant to practising resilient practices such as visualising a 'stress mitigation strategy' during a long-term pandemic. Based on the synthesis of the literature, a framework for compensating stress during and after pandemics is proposed. The researchers discuss the importance of such a framework as a pressure relief valve in the accumulated 'pandemic stress exposure'. The proposed framework can be used for future outbreaks once more research empirically tests it and optimise its constraints.

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