Does groundwater protection in Europe require new EU-wide environmental quality standards?

Balderacchi, Matteo; Filippini, María; Gemitzi, Alexandra; Klöve, Björn; Petitta, Marco; Trevisan, Marco; Wachniew, Przemysław; Witczak, Stanisław; Gargini, Alessandro

doi:10.3389/fchem.2014.00032

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Environmental Protection Agencies (Gallegos Saliner et al, 2006; Balderacchi et al, 2014) are very cautious and place several checks before passing any chemical to act as a pesticide (Krupadam et al, 2003; Gallegos-Saliner et al, 2008). Nevertheless, few checks like effect on micronutrients (Senesi, 1992) that affect the soil fertility are still not completely properly addressed (Piccolo et al, 1992; Shirzadi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides Curbing Soil Fertility: Effect of Complexation of Free Metal Ions

et al. 2017

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Researchers have suggested that the reason behind infertility is pernicious effect of broad spectrum pesticides on non target, beneficial microorganism of soil. Here, studying the chelating effect of selective organophosphate and carbamate pesticides with essential metal ions, at all possible combinations of three different pH (4 ± 0.05, 7 ± 0.05 and 9 ± 0.05) and three different temperatures (15 ± 0.5°C, 30 ± 0.5°C and 45 ± 0.5°C), shows very fast rate of reaction which further increases with increase of pH and temperature. Carbonyl oxygen of carbamate and phosphate oxygen of organophosphate were found to be common ligating sites among all the complexes. Formed metal complexes were found to be highly stable and water insoluble on interaction with essential metal ions in solvent medium as well as over silica. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations not only reinforced the experimental observations, but, after a wide computational conformational analysis, unraveled the nature of the high stable undesired species that consist of pesticides complexed by metal ions from the soil. All in all, apart from the direct toxicity of pesticides, the indirect effect by means of complexation of free metal ions impoverishes the soil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides Curbing Soil Fertility: Effect of Complexation of Free Metal Ions

et al. 2017

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“…Contaminants of emerging concern may be used in a wide variety of products. Balderacchi et al (2014) include antiseptics, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, flame retardants, gas propellants, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals (prescribed, non-prescribed and drugs of abuse), solvents, stimulants (such as caffeine), and surfactants; and a range of 'personal care products' including fragrances and sunscreens. Pesticides and biocides are an important group with obvious potential toxicity.…”

Section: Definitions and Types Of Emerging Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Annexes are subject to revisionin 2013 and every six years (Art.10) -and an EU FP7 project, GENESIS, looked inter alia at emerging pollutants to make recommendations over these revisions. Balderacchi et al (2014) recommended that the two synthetics in Annex II should be moved to Annex I and have EU-wide quality standards established, as these two substances are "excellent indicators of the groundwater pollution by multi-source diffuse-type urban pollution". These pollutants especially derive from current and historic industrial sources and poorly regulated waste management facilities, and may find their way into ground (and surface) water by leaching, by deposition from air or through surface water and road drainage systems.…”

Section: Pollutants In Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, each of these may also be used in urban and domestic contexts, but at scale, agricultural use is more relevant here. It has been estimated that more than 5000 tonnes of antibiotics and 5 tonnes of hormones are employed in the European meat production (Balderacchi et al 2014); Schriks et al (2010) estimate that 140m tonnes of fertiliser and 'several million' tonnes of pesticides are applied to land each year. Large pig and poultry production in the EU is covered by the Industrial Emissions Directive which should entail the proper management of all wastes from these activities, but smaller scale production, or extensively reared livestock, may impact directly on watercourses, potentially causing pollution by nutrients and pathogens as well as metabolised pharmaceuticals.…”

Section: Agricultural Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contaminants of emerging concern

Hendry¹

2017

Routledge Handbook of Water Law and Policy

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'Contaminants of emerging concern' are often described as emerging contaminants or emerging pollutants, and some of them are indeed novel substances or materials, such as nanoparticles or new pharmaceuticals. Others though have been with us for decades (or longer) but our understanding of their effects is increasing, especially in combination and at low levels. They are often managed along with heavy metals, where the ill effects have been long understood. They include antiseptics, solvents, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and personal care products. These chemicals may have substantial effects in trace levels in the aquatic environment; if similar effects become apparent for humans, that has implications for both water and wastewater treatment. A wide subset of law and policy, at international and national levels, is relevant for their management and this chapter provides an overview of some of the relevant regulation, in the context of rapidly developing science.

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“…Because of the absence of a conceptual model, the monitoring of groundwater should reflect potential OWCs contamination sources and patterns. The first attempts will focus on simplified paths: from households to WWTPs to rivers and to groundwater; and from bio solids, sludge and greywater to soils and groundwater [4] . The importance of identifying the factors that are the most important in determining the occurrence and concentrations of OWCs in groundwater or that allow the identification of possible ‘hot spot’ areas of pollution, was already emphasised in the two largest monitoring studies to date [5] , [62] .…”

Section: Investigative Monitoring and Creation Of A Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of emerging organic contaminants in groundwater monitoring plans

2016

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Groundwater is essential for human life and its protection is a goal for the European policies. All the anthropogenic activities could impact on water quality.Conventional pollutants and more than 700 emerging pollutants, resulting from point and diffuse source contamination, threat the aquatic ecosystem.Policy-makers and scientists will have to cooperate to create an initial groundwater emerging pollutant priority list, to answer at consumer demands for safety and to the lack of conceptual models for emerging pollutants in groundwater.Among the emerging contaminants and pollutants this paper focuses on organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) mainly released into the environment by domestic households, industry, hospitals and agriculture. This paper starts from the current regulatory framework and from the literature overview to explain how the missing conceptual model for OWCs could be developed.A full understanding of the mechanisms leading to the contamination and the evidence of the contamination must be the foundation of the conceptual model. In this paper carbamazepine, galaxolide and sulfamethozale, between the OWCs, are proposed as “environmental tracers” to identify sources and pathways ofcontamination/pollution.

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Does groundwater protection in Europe require new EU-wide environmental quality standards?

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Pesticides Curbing Soil Fertility: Effect of Complexation of Free Metal Ions

Pesticides Curbing Soil Fertility: Effect of Complexation of Free Metal Ions

Contaminants of emerging concern

Inclusion of emerging organic contaminants in groundwater monitoring plans

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