Does ‘hacking’ surface type affect equine forelimb foot placement, movement symmetry or hoof impact deceleration during ridden walk and trot exercise?

Barstow, A.; Bailey, Jon S.; Campbell, Joy; Harris, Connie; Weller, R.; Pfau, Thilo

doi:10.1111/evj.12952

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Owing to the flexibility afforded by IMU-based gait analysis systems, a number of studies have investigated their use in clinical studies and/or for quantifying the effect of clinically relevant exercises such as flexion tests [ 13 , 14 ], before/after diagnostic analgesia [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], during lunging [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] or during movement under the rider [ 11 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Quantitative information is needed for creating databases, facilitating an evidence-based approach for veterinary decision making for lameness and poor performance examinations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Body Movement Symmetry in Reining Quarter Horses during Trot In-Hand, on the Lunge and during Ridden Exercise

Pfau

Scott

Allen

2022

Animals

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Veterinary lameness examinations often comprise assessing ridden horses. Quantitative movement symmetry measurements can aid evidence-based decision making. While these are available for ‘English’ style riding, they are not for ‘Western’ style riding. This quantitative observational study quantified movement symmetry in reining Quarter Horses (QHs). Movement symmetry of the head, withers and sacrum (differences between minima, maxima and upward amplitudes) were quantified with inertial sensors in N = 30 medium/high level reining QHs during trot in-hand, on the lunge and ridden by one experienced rider (straight-line/circles) on reining-purpose riding surfaces. Mixed linear models for movement symmetry assessed the effects of ridden exercise and movement direction (fixed factors), stride time (covariate) and horse (random factor): single factors and two-way interactions with Bonferroni correction at p < 0.05. Three withers and pelvic parameters showed marginally more symmetrical movement when ridden (p ≤ 0.044; 1–5 mm differences). Three withers, three sacrum and one head parameter were significantly affected by movement direction (all p ≤ 0.026), five showed increased asymmetry on the inside rein, and two, quantifying vertical displacement maximum difference, showed the opposite. Riding QHs in ‘Western’ style showed small movement symmetry differences. Circular exercise confirmed increases in weight bearing asymmetry on the inside rein and in pushoff asymmetry on the outside rein. This should be further investigated for differentiating between different causes of lameness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Body Movement Symmetry in Reining Quarter Horses during Trot In-Hand, on the Lunge and during Ridden Exercise

Pfau

Scott

Allen

2022

Animals

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“…Whether the horse is shod or not can also affect gait [21]. Furthermore, extensive research has found that surface type has a significant effect on the horse's kinematics [22]. Despite these reported variations, previous studies have commonly included only one breed of horse and considered only one hard, concrete-like flooring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic methods of hoof-on and -off detection in horses using wearable inertial sensors during walk and trot on asphalt, sand and grass

Briggs

Mazzà

2021

PLoS ONE

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Detection of hoof-on and -off events are essential to gait classification in horses. Wearable sensors have been endorsed as a convenient alternative to the traditional force plate-based method. The aim of this study was to propose and validate inertial sensor-based methods of gait event detection, reviewing different sensor locations and their performance on different gaits and exercise surfaces. Eleven horses of various breeds and ages were recruited to wear inertial sensors attached to the hooves, pasterns and cannons. Gait events detected by pastern and cannon methods were compared to the reference, hoof-detected events. Walk and trot strides were recorded on asphalt, grass and sand. Pastern-based methods were found to be the most accurate and precise for detecting gait events, incurring mean errors of between 1 and 6ms, depending on the limb and gait, on asphalt. These methods incurred consistent errors when used to measure stance durations on all surfaces, with mean errors of 0.1 to 1.16% of a stride cycle. In conclusion, the methods developed and validated here will enable future studies to reliably detect equine gait events using inertial sensors, under a wide variety of field conditions.

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“…It is apparent that hard surfaces have different characteristics to other equestrian footings: for example, Barstow et al [9] identified higher hoof impact shock related frequencies and powers on road surfaces compared to grass and gravel. Reduced frequencies and amplitudes proximal to the fetlock joint indicate that the equine limb is efficient at damping impact shock waves [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Tungsten Road Nails on Upper Body Movement Asymmetry in Horses Trotting on Tarmac

Day

Collins

Horan

et al. 2020

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Does ‘hacking’ surface type affect equine forelimb foot placement, movement symmetry or hoof impact deceleration during ridden walk and trot exercise?

Abstract: Vibration parameters generally increase as perceived surface firmness increases. Increasing speed alters vibration power but not frequency. Further investigations are required to determine the role that this may play in the development of musculoskeletal disease in horses.

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Upper Body Movement Symmetry in Reining Quarter Horses during Trot In-Hand, on the Lunge and during Ridden Exercise

Upper Body Movement Symmetry in Reining Quarter Horses during Trot In-Hand, on the Lunge and during Ridden Exercise

Automatic methods of hoof-on and -off detection in horses using wearable inertial sensors during walk and trot on asphalt, sand and grass

The Effect of Tungsten Road Nails on Upper Body Movement Asymmetry in Horses Trotting on Tarmac

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