Does health-selective migration following diagnosis strengthen the relationship between Type 2 diabetes and deprivation?

Selective internal migration. Does it explain Glasgow's worsening mortality record?

“…Migration between neighbourhoods is far more common than migration between local government areas in Scotland (Fleming, 2005). Of the few longitudinal studies exploring the impact of selective migration on widening health inequalities, most have studied smaller neighbourhoods rather than larger administrative areas (Boyle et al, 2009a(Boyle et al, , 2009bCox et al, 2007;Norman et al, 2005). A notable exception was the study by Brimblecombe et al (1999) who found that the migration between large administrative areas (such as cities), but not between larger regions, explained the mortality difference when all areas were grouped in low and high mortality areas though that study was based on a low number of deaths and only compared two aggregates of areas (Boyle, 2004).…”

“…One study has indicated that selective migration may have been responsible for about 50% of the increase in the socioeconomic gradient in mortality in England and Wales during the 1990s . Cox et al (2007) have also shown that differential migratory patterns lead to the residualisation of unhealthy individuals in deprived areas, thereby exaggerating the relationship between diabetes prevalence and material deprivation in Scotland. If selective migration does play an important role in the widening health gap this could have implications for the study of area based interventions aimed at improving health because the negative effect of selective migration may mask improvements in population health for the more permanent population (Bailey and Livingston, 2008).…”

Internal migration, area effects and health: Does where you move to impact upon your health?

“…If neighbourhood is important then, as individuals migrate to an area with different neighbourhood characteristics, we would expect to observe an effect on their health. Research that has examined the association between internal migration and health usually has been limited to analysing whether health inequalities are the product of migration patterns (Bentham, 1988;Boyle, 2004;Brimblecombe et al, 2000;Cox et al, 2007;Popham et al, 2011;Riva et al, 2011;Tunstall et al, 2010). There is evidence of health selective migration, whereby internal migration acts as an internal sorting process with individuals of the best health migrating to the areas that contain the healthiest individuals (and vice versa).…”

“Whose data is it anyway?” The implications of putting small area-level health and social data online

“…To this end, we present a privacy-access framework that proposes an opportunity to maximise the possibilities to better understand the geography of health while mitigating adverse effects of releasing individuallevel data. There is a plethora of research demonstrating the value of spatial data in a population health context [3,5,10,20,22,25,26,39,41,46,54,55,57,59,[61][62][63]69,70], yet the use of large, anonymised datasets is in its relative infancy. While each data provider has policies (e.g.…”

“…Many studies continue to use such data for cross-sectional analyses [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], however there is a growing recognition among the academic community that the strength of routine data is the ability to create 'cohorts' by linking records from multiple health and social datasets to better examine an individual's interaction with the health system and its association with particular outcomes [16][17][18][19][20]. Given the significant improvements in geographic referencing (the process of converting street addresses or postcodes/zip codes to map coordinates) of health events, it is not surprising that a large proportion of database-derived cohorts are interested in the geography of health.…”