Does inequality lead to civil wars? A global long-term study using anthropometric indicators (1816–1999)

Baten, Jöerg; Mumme, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.06.007

“…Still, some more recent studies allot some importance to the role of inequality in civil conflict, finding that societies that are more unequal are indeed more likely to see civil war (e.g., Cederman et al, 2011;Baten and Mumme, 2013). Second, with respect to the inequality-terrorism relationship, the empirical evidence is likewise mixed.…”

Section: Inequality and Terrorism: Theory And Evidencementioning

confidence: 83%

Does Income Inequality Lead to Terrorism? Evidence from the Post-9/11 Era

Krieger

¹

,

Meierreiks

²

2015

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We study the influence of income inequality on terrorism. Using cross-national data for 79 countries for the 2002-2012 period, we show that endogeneity matters to the inequalityterrorism relationship, e.g., because of the distributional effects of terrorism. Once endogeneity is properly accounted for by means of an instrumental-variable approach, higher levels of income inequality result in more terrorist activity. This finding is robust to different definitions of the dependent variable, different estimation techniques and different instruments for income inequality. Our finding that inequality fuels terrorism is consistent with relative deprivation theory which argues that conflict results from frustration over the actual distribution of economic resources within a society. JEL Classification: C36, D74

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“…1There is yet no firmly established consensus on the relationship between inequality and civil wars "Over the past few years, prominent large-N studies of civil war seem to have reached a consensus that inequality does not increase the risk of civil war" (Østby, 2008, p. 143). Still, some studies maintain that civil wars are more likely in countries that are characterized by high inequality (Cederman et al, 2011;Baten & Mumme, 2013;Krieger & Meierrieks, 2015). (2) As concerns the relationship between terrorism and inequality, empirical evidence is also very conflicting.…”

Section: Linkage Between Inclusive Development and Terrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting terrorism in Africa when existing terrorism levels matter

Asongu

¹

,

Tchamyou

²

,

Asongu

³

et al. 2019

Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression

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This study examines policy tools in the fight against terrorism when existing levels of terrorism matter in 53 African countries for the period 1998-2012. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary, non-contemporary and Instrumental Variable Quantile regressions (QR) which enable the investigation throughout the conditional distributions of domestic, transnational and total terrorism dynamics. The following findings are established. First, counterterrorism policy instruments of inclusive human development and military expenditure further fuel terrorim. Second, political stability negatively affects terrorism with a negative threshold effect. Political stability estimates are consistently significant with increasing negative magnitudes throughout the conditional distributions of domestic and total terrorism. Policy implications are discussed.

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“…(1) There is yet no firmly established consensus on the relationship between inequality and civil wars "Over the past few years, prominent large-N studies of civil war seem to have reached a consensus that inequality does not increase the risk of civil war" (Østby, 2008, p. 143). Still, some studies maintain that civil wars are more likely in countries that are characterized by high inequality (Cederman et al, 2011;Baten & Mumme, 2013;Krieger & Meierrieks, 2015). (2) As concerns the relationship between terrorism and inequality, empirical evidence is also very conflicting.…”

Section: Linkage Between Inclusive Development and Terrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Terrorism in Africa When Existing Terrorism Levels Matter

Asongu

¹

,

Tchamyou

²

,

Asongu

³

et al. 2019

SSRN Journal

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examines policy tools in the fight against terrorism when existing levels of terrorism matter in 53 African countries for the period 1998-2012. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary, non-contemporary and Instrumental Variable Quantile regressions (QR) which enable the investigation throughout the conditional distributions of domestic, transnational and total terrorism dynamics. The following findings are established. First, counterterrorism policy instruments of inclusive human development and military expenditure further fuel terrorim. Second, political stability negatively affects terrorism with a negative threshold effect. Political stability estimates are consistently significant with increasing negative magnitudes throughout the conditional distributions of domestic and total terrorism. Policy implications are discussed. JEL Classification: C52; D74; F42; O16; O38

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Does inequality lead to civil wars? A global long-term study using anthropometric indicators (1816–1999)

Cited by 55 publications

References 51 publications

Does Income Inequality Lead to Terrorism? Evidence from the Post-9/11 Era

Does Income Inequality Lead to Terrorism? Evidence from the Post-9/11 Era

Fighting terrorism in Africa when existing terrorism levels matter

Fighting Terrorism in Africa When Existing Terrorism Levels Matter

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