Does low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induce inflammation? If so, does it matter? Current insights and future perspectives for novel therapies

Jukema, Ruurt; Ahmed, Tarek; Tardif, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1433-3

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It has also been evidenced that dyslipidemia induces an inflammatory response due to the activation of the immune system. Persistently high oxidized LDL cholesterol levels in plasma drive the production of interleukin 1 and 6 and therefore drive increases in US CRP levels [ 34 ]. High plasma ferritin is a biomarker of MetS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation with Resveratrol, Piperine and Alpha-Tocopherol Decreases Chronic Inflammation in a Cluster of Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

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Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide regardless of culture, genetic, gender, and geographic differences. While multiple individual risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, can cause cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is the intercurrence of these risk factors that defines MetS as a cluster that creates an environment for atherosclerosis and other manifestations of CVD. Despite the advances in the knowledge and management of each of the components of MetS, there are two molecular biology processes, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which are still underdiagnosed and undertreated. In order to assess the effect of a dietary supplement on chronic inflammation in MetS, we conducted a clinical trial with volunteers receiving a formula composed of resveratrol, piperine and alpha tocopherol (FRAMINTROL®), together with their habitual treatment, for three months. The inflammatory state was evaluated by ultrasensitive C reactive protein (US CRP) and ferritin in plasma, and oxygen consumption and chemiluminescence in neutrophils. The results showed that ferritin decreased by 10% (p < 0.05), US-CRP by 33% (p < 0.0001), oxygen consumption by 55% (p < 0.0001), and spontaneous chemiluminiscence was by 25% (p < 0.005) after treatment. As far as we know, this is the first study showing a chronic inflammation decrease in MetS patients due to the administration of a biopower Resveratrol-piperine and alpha tocopherol dietary supplement together with conventional therapy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation with Resveratrol, Piperine and Alpha-Tocopherol Decreases Chronic Inflammation in a Cluster of Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

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“…Patients with atherosclerosis are identified by high levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol in their body [30]. Regulation of LDL cholesterol homeostasis affects the innate immune system [31]. This is shown by LDL cholesterol inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines through activation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways [32,33].…”

Section: Abca1 Cholesterol Homeostasis and The Link With Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression: cholesterol-dependent and – independent signaling pathways with relevance to inflammatory lung disease

Gelissen

Ammit

2020

Respir Res

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The role of the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis in cardiovascular disease is well established. More recently, the important beneficial role played by ABCA1 in modulating pathogenic disease mechanisms, such as inflammation, in a broad range of chronic conditions has been realised. These studies position ABCA1 as a potential therapeutic target in a diverse range of diseases where inflammation is an underlying cause. Chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are driven by inflammation, and as such, there is now a growing recognition that we need a greater understanding of the signaling pathways responsible for regulation of ABCA1 expression in this clinical context. While the signaling pathways responsible for cholesterol-mediated ABCA1 expression have been clearly delineated through decades of studies in the atherosclerosis field, and thus far appear to be translatable to the respiratory field, less is known about the cholesterol-independent signaling pathways that can modulate ABCA1 expression in inflammatory lung disease. This review will identify the various signaling pathways and ligands that are associated with the regulation of ABCA1 expression and may be exploited in future as therapeutic targets in the setting of chronic inflammatory lung diseases.

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“…Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, which blocks the generation of mevalonate, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. This results in the lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which in itself has an anti-inflammatory effect as LDL cholesterol is a strong promoter of inflammation [ 13 ]. Moreover, mevalonate is also a precursor of many isoprenoid compounds.…”

Section: Can Use Of Statins Be Of Benefit In People With Covid-19?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pros and cons for use of statins in people with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)

Ray

2020

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

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Background and aims Morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is higher among people with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins are used in the majority of people with DM and CVD. This mini-review discusses the current understanding of benefit-risk ratio of use of statins in COVID-19. Methods We searched PubMed database using specific keywords related to our aims till June 12, 2020. Full text of relevant articles published in English language were retrieved and reviewed. Results Statins, with their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-oxidant properties, have the potential to reduce severity of lung injury in, and mortality from, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections. Statin-induced upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) has the potential to reduce lung injury from excess angiotensin II. By disrupting lipid rafts, statins have the potential to reduce viral entry into cells. However, benefit-risk ratio of its complex interaction with MYD88 gene expression on outcomes in COVID-19, and the putative role of low serum LDL cholesterol in increasing severity of SARS-CoV2 infection need further clarification. Conclusions People with COVID-19, who are already on statins for an underlying co-morbid condition, should continue on it unless there are specific contraindications. De-novo use of statins in people with COVID-19 with no underlying co-morbidity might be beneficial but awaits substantiation in clinical trials; till that time, de novo use of statins in COVID 19 should be limited to a clinical trial setting.

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Does low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induce inflammation? If so, does it matter? Current insights and future perspectives for novel therapies

Cited by 42 publications

References 64 publications

Supplementation with Resveratrol, Piperine and Alpha-Tocopherol Decreases Chronic Inflammation in a Cluster of Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

Supplementation with Resveratrol, Piperine and Alpha-Tocopherol Decreases Chronic Inflammation in a Cluster of Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

Regulation of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression: cholesterol-dependent and – independent signaling pathways with relevance to inflammatory lung disease

Pros and cons for use of statins in people with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)

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