“…Second, in addition to harsher disciplinary strategies, researchers have found that parents decrease the number of positive interactions with their children in situations marked by parental violence and display lower levels of support, acceptance, and affection (Holden & Ritchie, 1991;Kaczynski, Lindahl, Malik, & Laurenceau, 2006;Mann & MacKenzie, 1996). Third, marital violence has been associated with inconsistent interparental practices; the parents disagree about their disciplinary strategies or establish inconsistent rules and regulations, thus creating an unpredictable environment for their children (Fincham, Grych, & Osborne, 1994;Holden & Ritchie, 1991;O'Leary & Vidair, 2005;Sturge-Apple et al, 2006). Finally, each parent will most likely fail to use sufficient follow-up discipline with their children, will use his or her own disciplinary strategies in an unpredictable manner, and will fail to administer contingent reinforcements or punishments, thus creating a pattern characterized by low intraparental consistency (Holden & Ritchie, 1991;Mann & MacKenzie, 1996).…”