Does milk matter: Is children’s intake affected by the type or amount of milk served at a meal?

Kling, Samantha M.R.; Roe, Liane S.; Sanchez, Christine; Rolls, Barbara J.

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.06.022

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Higher energy density will increase energy intake [ 4 ]. Children tend to reduce their volume intake when presented with higher energy density especially in boys [ 6 7 ]. Our study did show that energy intake was equal between groups regardless the energy density of ONS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Compliance and Efficacy of Isocaloric Oral Nutritional Supplementation Using 1.5 kcal/mL or 1 kcal/mL Sip Feeds in Mildly to Moderately Malnourished Indonesian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Devaera

Syaharutsa

Jatmiko

et al. 2018

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

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PurposeThis study set out to evaluate the compliance to, and efficacy of oral supplementation, using a 1.5 kcal/mL or 1 kcal/mL sip feed, in children with mild to moderate malnutrition.MethodsThis was a parallel, randomized, controlled open-label trial in children aged 3 to 6 years with a weight for height Z (WHZ) score <−1 and ≥−3, who were randomized to receive a total of 600 kcal/day from either a 1.5 kcal/mL or a 1.0 kcal/mL pediatric sip feed for 28 days. Assessments included daily study product intake, body weight, tolerance and dietary intake from solid food.ResultsOf 110 children recruited, 98 (mean±standard deviation of age 49±7 months) completed the study. Both sip feeds were well tolerated, with high compliance (80±24% and 81±22% of prescribed volume in 1.5 kcal/mL and 1.0 kcal/mL groups respectively, p=0.79). Both study groups gained similar weight during the 28 days intervention period (0.42±0.40 kg in 1.5 kcal/mL group vs. 0.49±0.49 kg in 1.0 kcal/mL group, p=0.43). There were no significant differences between the groups in weight gain and in the change in WHZ score over the intervention period. Dietary analysis at the end of the study did not show replacement of solid food by the oral nutritional supplements.ConclusionIn children with mild to moderate malnutrition, both 1.5 kcal/mL and 1 kcal/mL pediatric sip feeds had high compliance and were well tolerated, and were equally effective in promoting weight gain in the 28 days study period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Compliance and Efficacy of Isocaloric Oral Nutritional Supplementation Using 1.5 kcal/mL or 1 kcal/mL Sip Feeds in Mildly to Moderately Malnourished Indonesian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Devaera

Syaharutsa

Jatmiko

et al. 2018

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

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“…The degree to which children differ in their susceptibility to overconsumption from large portions is also unclear. Shortterm studies of the portion size effect in children have found inconsistent effects for characteristics such as weight status (7,9,16,17), age (4,18), and eating behaviors (10,17,19,20). Thus, we investigated whether individual differences in these attributes affected the response to larger portions when intake was measured over a longer period of 5 d. Identifying characteristics that influence children's susceptibility to food properties such as portion size could assist in the development of targeted strategies for obesity prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portion size has sustained effects over 5 days in preschool children: a randomized trial

Smethers

Roe

Sanchez

et al. 2019

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background Although short-term studies have found that serving larger portions of food increases intake in preschool children, it is unknown whether this portion size effect persists over a longer period or whether energy intake is moderated through self-regulation. Objectives We tested whether the portion size effect is sustained in preschool children across 5 consecutive days, a period thought to be sufficient for regulatory systems to respond to the overconsumption of energy. Methods With the use of a crossover design, over 2 periods we served the same 5 daily menus to 46 children aged 3–5 y in their childcare centers. In 1 period, all foods and milk were served in baseline portions, and in the other period, all portions were increased by 50%. The served items were weighed to determine intake. Results Increasing the portion size of all foods and milk by 50% increased daily consumption: weighed intake increased by a mean ± SEM of 143 ± 21 g/d (16%) and energy intake increased by 167 ± 22 kcal/d (18%; both P < 0.0001). The trajectories of intake by weight and energy across the 5-day period were linear and the slopes did not differ between portion conditions (both P > 0.13), indicating that there were sustained increases in intake from larger portions without compensatory changes over time. Children differed in their response to increased portions: those with higher weight status, lower ratings for satiety responsiveness, or higher ratings for food responsiveness had greater increases in intake from larger portions (all P < 0.03). Conclusions This demonstration that preschool children failed to adjust their intake during prolonged exposure to larger portions challenges the suggestion that their self-regulatory behavior is sufficient to counter perturbations in energy intake. Furthermore, overconsumption from large portions may play a role in the development of overweight and obesity, as the magnitude of the effect was greater in children of higher weight status. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02963987.

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“…However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has tried to compare the skim milk and whole milk in this regard. A recent study done by Kling et al [29] revealed that including full-fat milk in lunch decreases the amount of the lunch eaten by the children when compared with low-fat milk but the energy intake was not significantly different between the two beverages. In fact, they did not compare the effect of milk with different fat content on the satiety and energy intake in the subsequent meal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effects of whole milk compared to skim milk and apple juice consumption in breakfast on appetite and energy intake in obese children: a three-way randomized crossover clinical trial

et al. 2018

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Background: A limited number of studies have examined the effect of dairy on satiety and short-term energy intake among children; furthermore we are not aware of any study comparing high and low-fat dairy products regarding their effect on appetite and short-term energy intake. Our objective was to assess the effect skim milk (SM) compared to whole milk (WM) and apple juice (AJ) on satiety and energy intake at lunch among 10-12 y children with obesity. Methods: Fifty children with obesity who aged 10-12 y were randomized to consume a fixed content breakfast with 240 ml of SM, AJ, or WM for two consecutive days. The study was a three-way randomized crossover study; therefore each participant served as his/her own control. The total appetite, hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective consumption were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before breakfast and every one hour after breakfast until a freely consumed lunch. VAS scores and energy intakes were compared using repeated measures procedure. Results: Forty-eight participants (24 girls and 24 boys) completed the study. The energy intake was not different between SM, AJ and WM periods (adjusted mean ± standard error (SE) of energy intake: SM = 831.27 ± 30.64 Kcal, AJ = 794.92 ± 28.72 Kcal, WM = 798.87 ± 24.09 Kcal; P = 0.56). The effect was the same for either gender. Children reported higher satiety score 4 h after drinking WM with breakfast compared with SM (P < 0.05). The same association was found only in girls. Furthermore, SM significantly reduced appetite compared to AJ, 2 h after preloads in girls (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Full-fat milk may have favorable effects on satiety but not energy intake in subsequent meal compared to skim milk among the children with obesity. Future studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results. Trial registration: The study protocol was registered with the Iranian registry of clinical trials on 9th October 2016 (registration ID: IRCT2016072012571N5).

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Does milk matter: Is children’s intake affected by the type or amount of milk served at a meal?

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Comparing Compliance and Efficacy of Isocaloric Oral Nutritional Supplementation Using 1.5 kcal/mL or 1 kcal/mL Sip Feeds in Mildly to Moderately Malnourished Indonesian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Comparing Compliance and Efficacy of Isocaloric Oral Nutritional Supplementation Using 1.5 kcal/mL or 1 kcal/mL Sip Feeds in Mildly to Moderately Malnourished Indonesian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Portion size has sustained effects over 5 days in preschool children: a randomized trial

The effects of whole milk compared to skim milk and apple juice consumption in breakfast on appetite and energy intake in obese children: a three-way randomized crossover clinical trial

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