Does obesity cause type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? Or is it the opposite?

Malone, John I.; Hansen, Barbara C.

doi:10.1111/pedi.12787

Cited by 260 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Obesity predisposes to T2D but this is not the case in all instances of the disease [48,49]. Identifying the pathway from obesity to T2D and the role of the gut microbiome is especially difficult because of the interaction of a large number of gut organisms, many of which have not been identified, with each other and the host and the balance between harmful and beneficial interactions [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of gut microbiota of obesity and type 2 diabetes in a rodent model

Ibrahim

Bourwis

Dolan

et al. 2021

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

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Various studies have suggested that the gut microbiome interacts with the host and may have a significant role in the aetiology of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). It was hypothesised that bacterial communities in obesity and T2D differ from control and compromise normal interactions between host and microbiota. Obesity and T2D were developed in rats by feeding a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet plus a single low-dose streptozotocin administration, respectively. The microbiome profiles and their metabolic potentials were established by metagenomic 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Taxonomy and predicted metabolism-related genes in obesity and T2D were markedly 2 different from controls and indeed from each other. Diversity was reduced in T2D but not in Obese rats. Factors likely to compromise host intestinal, barrier integrity were found in Obese and T2D rats including predicted, decreased bacterial butyrate production. Capacity to increase energy extraction via ABC-transporters and carbohydrate metabolism were enhanced in Obese and T2D rats. T2D was characterized by increased proinflammatory molecules. While obesity and T2D show distinct differences, results suggest that in both conditions Bacteroides and Blautia species were increased indicating a possible mechanistic link.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of gut microbiota of obesity and type 2 diabetes in a rodent model

Ibrahim

Bourwis

Dolan

et al. 2021

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

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“…Glucose level in GCF of diabetes mellitus patients is two times higher compared to other patients. This high glucose level in GCF may lead to changes in bacterial composition in plaque and will affect periodontal disease [1,5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, BMI is considered to be the most popular indicator for obesity because of its simple and noninvasive procedure. The BMI score of 30 kg/m 2 or greater than 30 kg/m 2 is indicative of obesity [5]. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD, 2017), 603.7 million adults and 107.7 million children were obese worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of gingival and periodontal status in obese and non-obese type II diabetic patients – a cross sectional study

SriChinthu

Pavithra

Kumar

et al. 2020

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate gingival and periodontal status in obese and non-obese type II Diabetic Patients. Methods. The study population comprised of 75 subjects visiting the outpatient department of our institution, divided into three different groups, group 1 (obese diabetic), group 2 (non-obese diabetic), and group 3 (obese, non-diabetic). Diabetic status was assessed with HbA1c values and obesity status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) score greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2. Gingival and periodontal status were assessed using the Gingival Index (GI) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) respectively. Results. The mean gingival index score in group 1, group 2, and group 3 were 1.58, 1.54, and 1.25, respectively. Gingival status was poor among obese and non-obese diabetic subjects [Groups 1 & 2] when compared with obese non-diabetic patients [Group – 3]. The periodontal status showed that periodontal pockets were increased in diabetic obese group (15.4%), followed by diabetic non obese (4.66%), and non-diabetic obese (2%) group respectively and loss of attachment was severe in diabetic obese group (60.7%), followed by diabetic non obese (45.9%) and non-diabetic obese (15.3%) respectively. Conclusion. Gingival and periodontal status was poor in the obese diabetic group compared to non-obese diabetic and obese non diabetic group. Hence, the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis in obese diabetic patients should be addressed earlier to prevent further complications and achieve a good oral health status.

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“…In fact, nutritional excess is a major forerunner of type 2 diabetes. It enhances the secretion of insulin, but attenuates insulin's metabolic actions in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue [10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of interleukin-18 ( IL18 ) and high sensitive C - reactive protein ( CRP ) in type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) with or without obesity

Kamel*

El-Baz

Emam

et al. 2020

Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

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Both diabetes and obesity are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. IL-18 is a cytokine that stimulates various cell types and has pleiotropic functions. It is elevated in obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D).The hypothesis that serum level of IL-18 and high sensitive C-reactive protein can be used as markers for presence of chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes more than in obesity per se was tested. The study recruited 80 subjects. They comprised 20 diabetic obese cases (DM-OB group), 20 diabetic non-obese cases (DM-NOB group), : 20 non-diabetic obese cases (NDM-OB group) and 20 non-diabetic non-obese subjects (NDM-NOB group). All participants were submitted to careful history taking, through clinical investigations and laboratory assessment. It was found that hs-CRP was significantly high in DMOB group (3.4±0.5 mg/dl) followed by NDM-OB group (2.9±0.4 mg/dl) then DM-NOB group (2.3±0.3 mg/dl) and least in NDM-NOB (0.8±0.3 mg/dl). It was also found that serum IL-18 was significantly highest in DMOB group (397.8±33.9 pg/mL) followed by NDM-OB (368.8±26.7 pg/mL) group followed by DM-NOB group (335.9±18.4 pg/mL) and least in NDM-NOB group (281.1±22.9 pg/mL). Serum IL-18 levels are directly correlated with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/hip ratio in all the studied groups and with HbA1c in the diabetic groups. It could be concluded that Serum IL-18 and hs-CRP are related to diabetes and obesity. They are associated with dyslipidemia, poor glycemic control, insulin resistance and impaired liver and renal functions

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Does obesity cause type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? Or is it the opposite?

Cited by 260 publications

References 40 publications

Characterisation of gut microbiota of obesity and type 2 diabetes in a rodent model

Characterisation of gut microbiota of obesity and type 2 diabetes in a rodent model

Evaluation of gingival and periodontal status in obese and non-obese type II diabetic patients – a cross sectional study

Study of interleukin-18 ( IL18 ) and high sensitive C - reactive protein ( CRP ) in type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) with or without obesity

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