Does outstretching the arms improve postural stability?

Patel, Mitesh; Buckwell, David; Hawken, Malcolm B.; Bronstein, Adolfo M.

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.010

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Recent studies, however, suggest to extend the concept of postural control strategies by taking into account also upper body movements, such as bending the trunk or raising and swaying the arms (Hsu et al, 2007 ; Pinter et al, 2008 ; Kilby et al, 2015 ). This extended concept is supported by empirical evidence showing that movements between pelvis and shoulder (Hsu et al, 2007 ; Horlings et al, 2009 ), as well as arm movements (Milosevic et al, 2011 ; Scholz et al, 2012 ; Patel et al, 2014 ), have a relevant contribution to maintaining balance. In particular for perturbed or challenged balance regulation, coordinated upper body activity seems to support ankle and hip movements in bringing the center of mass (CoM) back over the base of support (McIlroy and Maki, 1995 ; Marigold, 2002 ; Roos et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…When humans try to maintain their equilibrium in a challenging balancing task, they unwittingly engage upper body parts including their trunk, arms, and head (Otten, 1999 ; Milosevic et al, 2011 ; Schärli et al, 2013 ). Especially when balancing across a wire or a narrow beam, they intuitively stretch out and move their arms (Honegger et al, 2013 ; Patel et al, 2014 ). Such dynamic movements are possible because the many interconnected body parts are regulated by a powerful postural control system that allows for maintaining balance even when highly challenging external mechanical perturbations (Rietdyk et al, 1999 ; Cenciarini and Peterka, 2006 ; Vennila and Aruin, 2011 ) or relevant changes of sensory information occur (Horak, 2006 ; Horlings et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Contribution of Upper Body Movements to Dynamic Balance Regulation during Challenged Locomotion

Boström

Dirksen

Zentgraf

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Recent studies suggest that in addition to movements between ankle and hip joints, movements of the upper body, in particular of the arms, also significantly contribute to postural control. In line with these suggestions, we analyzed regulatory movements of upper and lower body joints supporting dynamic balance regulation during challenged locomotion. The participants walked over three beams of varying width and under three different verbally conveyed restrictions of arm posture, to control the potential influence of arm movements on the performance: The participants walked (1) with their arms stretched out perpendicularly in the frontal plane, (2) spontaneously, i.e., without restrictions to the arm movements, and (3) with their hands on their thighs. After applying an inverse-dynamics analysis to the measured joint kinematics, we investigated the contribution of upper and lower body joints to balance regulation in terms of torque amplitude and variation. On the condition with the hands on the thighs, the contribution of the upper body remains significantly lower than the contribution of the lower body irrespective of beam widths. For spontaneous arm movements and for outstretched arms we find that the upper body (including the arms) contributes to the balancing to a similar extent as the lower body. Moreover, when the task becomes more difficult, i.e., for narrower beam widths, the contribution of the upper body increases, while the contribution of the lower body remains nearly constant. These findings lend further support to the hypothetical existence of an "upper body strategy" complementing the ankle and hip strategies especially during challenging dynamic balance tasks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Upper Body Movements to Dynamic Balance Regulation during Challenged Locomotion

Boström

Dirksen

Zentgraf

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, the presence of obstacles may limit the bird’s ability to perform proper wing flaps by disrupting the path of the wing. In humans, inhibiting arm movements as motor strategies for balance by fixing the arms to the side of the body when vision is disrupted increases instability [ 16 ]. On the swaying perch obstructed by obstacles, we noted that hens’ wings collided with the obstacles during wing flaps, which likely limited wing movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Balance strategies allow humans to maintain postural stability by coordinating internal (generated during body movements) and external (gravity/interaction with the environment) forces applied on the body, which displace the center of mass [ 14 ]. Controlling the center of mass is accomplished by properly timed sensorimotor strategies [ 13 , 15 ] such as the extension of arms in humans to improve postural stability [ 16 ]. The key sensory inputs involved in maintaining balance are the somatosensory (touch, temperature, nociception, proprioception), visual, and vestibular systems[ 17 – 19 ].The loss of any sensory capability, especially the loss of two or more, diminishes balance and subsequently increases the risk of falling [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Health Problems and Environmental Challenges Influence Balancing Behaviour in Laying Hens

et al. 2016

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With rising public concern for animal welfare, many major food chains and restaurants are changing their policies, strictly buying their eggs from non-cage producers. However, with the additional space in these cage-free systems to perform natural behaviours and movements comes the risk of injury. We evaluated the ability to maintain balance in adult laying hens with health problems (footpad dermatitis, keel damage, poor wing feather cover; n = 15) using a series of environmental challenges and compared such abilities with those of healthy birds (n = 5). Environmental challenges consisted of visual and spatial constraints, created using a head mask, perch obstacles, and static and swaying perch states. We hypothesized that perch movement, environmental challenges, and diminished physical health would negatively impact perching performance demonstrated as balance (as measured by time spent on perch and by number of falls of the perch) and would require more exaggerated correctional movements. We measured perching stability whereby each bird underwent eight 30-second trials on a static and swaying perch: with and without disrupted vision (head mask), with and without space limitations (obstacles) and combinations thereof. Video recordings (600 Hz) and a three-axis accelerometer/gyroscope (100 Hz) were used to measure the number of jumps/falls, latencies to leave the perch, as well as magnitude and direction of both linear and rotational balance-correcting movements. Laying hens with and without physical health problems, in both challenged and unchallenged environments, managed to perch and remain off the ground. We attribute this capacity to our training of the birds. Environmental challenges and physical state had an effect on the use of accelerations and rotations to stabilize themselves on a perch. Birds with physical health problems performed a higher frequency of rotational corrections to keep the body centered over the perch, whereas, for both health categories, environmental challenges required more intense and variable movement corrections. Collectively, these results provide novel empirical support for the effectiveness of training, and highlight that overcrowding, visual constraints, and poor physical health all reduce perching performance.

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“…Embora a mudança no suporte podal não tenha sido muito desafiadora para o equilíbrio, uma leve compensação, como a abertura do braço na direção mediolateral foi observada. Em um estudo prévio foi descrito que estender os braços lateralmente ajuda a estabilidade postural em situações desafiadoras, como manter a posição sob um suporte estreito com os olhos fechados (Patel et al, 2014 As mudanças na posição do quadril, principalmente no plano vertical, se devem ao fato de que a espessura da interferência podal altera o comprimento da perna (Maeda et al, 2011), deslocando para cima o ponto do quadril ipsilateral e para baixo o contralateral.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efeitos imediatos de interferência oral nos músculos mastigatórios e de interferência podal nas funções orofaciais, oclusão e postura corporal em jovens saudáveis

Gaido¹

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À minha orientadora, Profª. Drª. Cláudia Maria de Felício, que mais do que orientar um trabalho, inspira-nos, sempre, a buscar o melhor! Seus ensinamentos vão muito além de conteúdos! Sua sabedoria, dedicação e competência, inquestionáveis, nos enriquece na construção do trabalho e na vida! Obrigada por acreditar em mim! Minha gratidão e admiração eternas! Ao meu namorado, Vinicius Reis, pela paciência e, sobretudo, por todo carinho e apoio durante esta jornada. Obrigada por ser meu parceiro em todos os momentos da vida e, por me confortar, sempre! Ao meu irmão, Tomaz Stahl Gaido, meu fiel companheiro, que mesmo de longe, faz-se presente! Obrigada por estar sempre ao meu lado! À toda a minha família que me apoia e me incentiva em tudo! Em especial às minhas avós, Beti e Eulália, que com apenas um sorriso e um abraço mudam o meu mundo! Obrigada por serem tão especiais! Aos meus amigos irmãos, Humberto e Victor, sempre dispostos a me ouvir, me confortar. Sem a companhia de vocês, tudo se tornaria ainda mais difícil! Fonoaudiólogos competentes, que têm todo meu orgulho e admiração! Obrigada por dividirem a vida comigo! À minha amiga Monize, presentinho da pós graduação, que me ouve, me acalma e se desespera comigo, se preciso for. Obrigada por me enriquecer com a sua presença e sua ternura. Às minhas amigas-irmãs de infância, Agatha, Carol, Maria e Virgínia! Aquelas com quem construí a certeza de que mesmo estando, às vezes, longe, estaremos sempre lá, uma para a outra! Obrigada por dividirem tantos momentos maravilhosos da vida comigo e por todo apoio, sempre! À todos os companheiros do LISE, aqueles que já passaram e aqueles que ainda seguem na jornada, que também, fizeram parte deste trabalho. Em especial, à Fernanda, Franciele e Joana, por todo apoio e carinho, pela troca de conhecimentos e momentos! Muito obrigada! À Profª. Drª Débora Bevilaqua-Grossi por nos convidar a realizar uma pesquisa em conjunto e por ter compartilhado suas ideias conosco, tornando possível a realização desse trabalho e à Ms. Ana Izabela de Oliveira que tanto me ajudou nas pesquisas e coletas! Muito obrigada. Aos funcionários do LISE, sempre disponíveis! Denny Garcia, que com toda a sua calma e paciência, faz o impossível parecer mais fácil! Muito obrigada por todas as suas contribuições! À Lúcia Giglio, pelas nossas conversas e trocas de conhecimento! Obrigada por todo apoio, em todos os sentidos, na realização deste trabalho! E à Luciana Aguiar, nossa querida, pelo seu infinito carinho e acolhimento! Muito obrigada! À Profª. Drª. Luciana Vitaliano Voi Trawitzki, que mesmo sem participação direta no trabalho, me enriqueceu, diariamente, com a sua sabedoria, humanidade e doçura. Aos professores e funcionários do Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, por me proporcionarem a chance de realizar a tão sonhada pós-graduação. Em especial, à secretária Maria Cecília Onofre, pela disponibilidade e suporte imediato! Obrigada pela atenção e paciência! À CAPES, pelo apoio financeiro necessário para real...

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Does outstretching the arms improve postural stability?

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

The Contribution of Upper Body Movements to Dynamic Balance Regulation during Challenged Locomotion

The Contribution of Upper Body Movements to Dynamic Balance Regulation during Challenged Locomotion

Physical Health Problems and Environmental Challenges Influence Balancing Behaviour in Laying Hens

Efeitos imediatos de interferência oral nos músculos mastigatórios e de interferência podal nas funções orofaciais, oclusão e postura corporal em jovens saudáveis

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