Does periodontal disease elevate the risk of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment?

Dhingra, Kunaal; Grimm, Wolf-Dieter; Chaudhari, Prabhat Kumar; Verma, Flora

doi:10.1038/s41432-021-0214-y

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…We recommend that future studies aimed at elucidating the association between AD and the oral microbiota include longitudinal study designs and employ multiple, complementary approaches to characterizing oral microbiomes, including shotgun metagenomics. [ On the other hand, narrative review articles [20,23,24] are the most prevalent of all the chosen studies and reiterate, in line with these other articles [63,64,65,66,67,70,73,74], the importance of evaluating neurodegeneration caused by Alzheimer's disease and its potential progression mediated by multimicrobial infections. At the same time, more recent evidence confirms the role of periodontal disease in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, although more specific studies are needed [72].…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Unanimously, the results of the studies analyzed in this research point to evidence of an association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease, with P. gingivalis being the pathogen most commonly involved in both. Also based on the studies analyzed, there are four strands to the results, as described below: A) P. gingivalis and other periodontal bacteria play a role in the process of systemic inflammation that leads to inflammation of the cerebrospinal fluid and indirectly cause acceleration (trigger) for the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease [19,20,26,27,28,30,42,43,44,45,47,50,53,56,58,61,64,69,70,71]. B) Although the inflammatory state in the oral cavity may be related to a brain degeneration syndrome such as dementia and AD, more studies are still needed to investigate the role of periodontal bacteria and PG (multimicrobial hypothesis) in the pathogenesis and worsening of AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B) Although the inflammatory state in the oral cavity may be related to a brain degeneration syndrome such as dementia and AD, more studies are still needed to investigate the role of periodontal bacteria and PG (multimicrobial hypothesis) in the pathogenesis and worsening of AD. Thus, it is suggested that greater care be taken with oral hygiene in individuals suffering from AD and dementia [9,13,14,23,24,33,34,36,40,50,54,55,59,62,64,67,74]. C) Periodontal disease represents a factor in the progression (exacerbation) of Alzheimer's disease via induced pathogenic bacteria, since these individuals may have poor oral hygiene care, either due to forgetfulness or poor manual dexterity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Oral Hygiene to Cognitive Health: Examining the Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's

Viana,

Rodrigues Holanda,

Araújo

et al. 2024

Arch. Curr. Res. Int.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to review the literature in an integrative way, looking for scientific evidence to see if there is a relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Study Design: Review the literature in an integrative. Methodology: The search was carried out on the VHL Regional Portal with articles published in English, Spanish and Portuguese. 169 articles were found between 2021 and 2023. Of this total, 106 were excluded, 5 for being duplicates and 101 for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Of the studies analyzed, most report evidence of an association between PD and AD, with Phorphyromonas gingivalis (PG) as the common pathogen in both conditions. Results: The results revealed four aspects: a) PG and other periodontopathogens (PP) play a role in the systemic inflammation process that accelerates the onset and progression of AD; b) even given the link between the oral-brain aetiological axis hypothesis of a brain degeneration syndrome such as AD, it is still necessary to further investigate the role of PP and PG (multimicrobial hypothesis) in the pathogenesis and worsening of AD; c) PD represents a factor in the progression of AD via induced pathogenic bacteria, since these individuals may have poor oral hygiene care, due to forgetfulness or less manual dexterity; d) Age and gender are important variables to consider when assessing the association between PD and AD. Conclusion: Thus, we can infer that despite the number of studies observed through this integrative review, there is still not enough research with a high level of scientific evidence on this association. Thus, new studies with greater methodological rigor in terms of the methods applied and the criteria for diagnosing the pathologies need to be carried out in order to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between PD and AD.

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Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Oral Hygiene to Cognitive Health: Examining the Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's

Viana,

Rodrigues Holanda,

Araújo

et al. 2024

Arch. Curr. Res. Int.

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“…The oral microbiota may influence the risk of Alzheimer’s disease through circulatory or neural access to the brain and through interaction with periodontal disease, which often leads to tooth loss. Periodontal disease is also linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s [ 11 ] and other systemic diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, which increase susceptibility to destructive periodontal disease [ 12 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%