Does Prolonged Exercise Alter Diet-Induced Thermogenesis?

Abstract

Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) is mainly an insulin-mediated response and the result of fat and glycogen synthesis. We investigated DIT at rest and after exercise to clarify the mechanism of exercise-induced changes in DIT in 6 healthy men (mean age 36 ± 16 years). Subjects exercised for 1 h at 58% of maximal O₂ consumption on a bicycle ergometer and then rested for 8 h sitting in a comfortable chair (exercise experiment). On a different day, subjects rested for 8 h without preceding exercising (non-exercise experiment). At 12.30 h, the subjects were given their second meal. DIT to individual meal did not differ significantly between the exercise and non-exercise days. Increased insulin sensitivity and increased free fatty acid oxidation by exercise may facilitate the conversion of glucose to glycogen in muscle. On the other hand, insulin secretion expressed as the ratio of plasma levels of insulin to glucose after the meal was significantly decreased in the exercise experiment (p < 0.05). Study of heart rate variability showed that sympathetic tone, a primary hormonal determinant of glucose metabolism during exercise, was increased and parasympathetic tone was decreased during the recovery period in the exercise experiment (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that changes in DIT are affected by many factors and may be related to the balance between these counteracting factors.

The Influence of Habitual Exercise Training and Meal Form on Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in College-Age Men

“…One might hypothesize that if the exercise groups have a body composition similar to the sedentary group, the exercise groups regularly ingested more food than their sedentary counterparts, and they may then demonstrate a significantly greater DIT. However, this was not the case, and these results are consistent with several studies that found no influence of either acute or habitual exercise training on DIT (Ohnaka et al, 1998;Samueloff et al, 1982;Thorne & Wahren, 1989). In contrast, Thyfault et al (2004) found that resistance training increased postprandial energy expenditure.…”

Effects of short‐lasting supramaximal‐intensity exercise on diet‐induced increase in oxygen uptake

“…Bahr and Sejersted () reported that a meal consumed 2 h after 80‐min exhaustive exercise at 75% did not alter oxygen uptake measured during the 7‐h period after the end of the exercise, and concluded that there was no major interaction effect between food intake and exercise on postexercise O 2 consumption. Ohnaka et al () also reported that 1 h of bicycle ergometer exercise at 58% did not affect diet‐induced increase in resting oxygen uptake.…”

Diet induced thermogenesis, older and newer data with emphasis on obesity and diabetes mellitus - A narrative review

“…The effect of acute or short-term exercise on postprandial thermogenesis has also been addressed by some authors; a 12 week course of cycling led to an increase in meal-induced thermogenesis in lean participants, as well as in those with obesity or diabetes [ 106 ]. However, in another study no difference was observed in DIT measured in resting conditions and after 1 h of exercise [ 107 ].…”