2018
DOI: 10.3390/su10114281
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Does Rural–Urban Migration Improve Employment Quality and Household Welfare? Evidence from Pakistan

Abstract: Urban migration unlocks new employment opportunities for rural dwellers in a productive manner. This study assessed the quality of employment of migrant workers, and its effect on rural households’ welfare. To this end, we used primary data collected from the four major districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Sialkot in Punjab, Pakistan. These data include 504 immigrant and non-immigrant families in rural areas, and 252 migrant workers in urban destinations. We use IV probit and two-step sequential es… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…However, the likelihood of male labour mobility would also rise by 2.78 percent with an increase in the mean per capita expenditure of households. This agrees with previous studies (Young 2013;Ghebru et al 2018;Mukhtar et al 2018) that opined that migration comes with a cost, and household wealth status influences mobility.…”
Section: Household Characteristicssupporting
confidence: 93%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…However, the likelihood of male labour mobility would also rise by 2.78 percent with an increase in the mean per capita expenditure of households. This agrees with previous studies (Young 2013;Ghebru et al 2018;Mukhtar et al 2018) that opined that migration comes with a cost, and household wealth status influences mobility.…”
Section: Household Characteristicssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…We hypothesised that labour mobility (LM i ) is a function of the migrant's household characteristics (MHC i ) such as household size, ownership of (non) agriculture land etc., migrant characteristics (MC i ) such as age, years of education, access to media (AM i ) such as radio, television, ownership of mobile phone, location dummies (LD i ) such as region and area of residence and indicators of the wealth of the household (WD i ) proxied with per capita household expenditure; µ is the error term. Following on from previous studies (Amare et al 2012;Mukhtar et al 2018), we modelled labour mobility as: 1, if migrant is working after migration and 0 if otherwise.…”
Section: Logit Model For Drivers Of Labour Mobilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rural areas often do not provide full employment for everyone of working age (Singh, Singh, & Singh, 2015;Yeboah & Jayne, 2018). People's capacities and capabilities are under-utilised (Mukhtar et al, 2018). Employment in these areas is also often limited to one or a few sectors.…”
Section: 2mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(Xiao et al, 2018;Batool & Jamil, 2019) examined the drivers of industrial diversification. Dey (2018) explained that employment diversification reduces the poverty among the small and marginal landholders that further explained by Mukhtar et al, (2018) by accommodating the impact of rural-urban migration on employment quality and household welfare. Jan et al, (2012) explained the drivers of rural employment diversification in the North region of Pakistan and the Globalization was concluded as the significant factor for economic growth, provides equal opportunities to all the nation and the basis to diversify the choice of work for inclusive growth of a country.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%