Does Small-Scale Livestock Production Use a High Technological Level to Survive? Evidence from Dairy Production in Northeast-ern Michoacán, Mexico

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify the technological level used by dairy farmers in the northeastern region of Michoacán, Mexico, through a characterisation of small-scale dairy production units, as well as to learn about the socioeconomic conditions that have enabled them to survive in the current context. A semi-structured interview was applied to 114 production units, chosen by stratified random sampling. The interview included technological, production and socioeconomic aspects. Twenty-eight variables were initially explored and 12 were used for multivariate analysis, which included Principal Component Analysis, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and K-means Cluster. The characterisation carried out showed that the production units that predominate in northeastern Michoacán have survived with a low technological level, having as strengths the diversification of their activities and the use of family labour. On the contrary, production units with a high technological level and high productivity are few and less diversified. This shows the need to generate differentiated public policies for each cluster, aimed at strengthening the aspects that have allowed them to survive and guaranteeing a market for their production, before promoting the use of technologies.

Implementation of Technical and Technological Progress in Dairy Production

“…The research conducted by [87] defined three groups of farms in the typology of dairy production systems (DPSs), based on the assessment of economic, social, and environmental factors. As a result of the statistical analysis, the authors of [88] identified four groups of dairy farms differentiated by different levels of technology. The present study covers five categories of farms; size is the key criterion for distinguishing those five categories.…”

The Role of Socio-economic Conditions, Energy Consumption, and Environmental Conditions on the Livestock Production in Indonesia

“…Further, there is a strong relationship between the social capital and the income of Kediri beef cattle farmers. It suggested that income increased in direct proportion to social capital (Chávez-Pérez et al, 2021;Lan et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2022a). A social gathering and intense training in technological mastery for farmers were two initiatives to boost social capital (Kamarudin et al, 2021;Khattak et al, 2021).…”