Does the implementation of smoke-free laws and smoking culture affect exposure to tobacco smoking? Results from 3 hospitality settings in South Korea

Park, Myung-Bae; Lee, Taesic; Oh, Jee Eun; Lee, Dong Hoon

doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01561

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, noraebang-one of the target facilities of this study-are legally recognized smoking zones in Korea. Thus, employees of noraebang are exposed to higher levels of SHS than the general public [19]. On the other hand, frequent users of noraebang use private rooms for individuals or groups (Supplementary File S1 illustrates the details pertinent to noraebang in Korea) and, thus, are less likely to be exposed to SHS from other parties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A nonsmoker is defined as a person who has not smoked a cigarette for two years and has not used electronic cigarettes, chewing tobacco, etc., in any form. We chose internet cafés and noraebang (Korean style karaoke) as the settings of exposure for this study, both of which are public places with a risk of THS exposure [19]. On the day of the study, each participant visited one of the predetermined facilities and revisited the same facility after 24 h, spending around 2 h per visit.…”

Section: Setting and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure after Short Visits to Public Facilities (Noraebang and Internet Cafés): A Prospective Cohort Study

Park

Sim

2022

Toxics

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We aimed to evaluate the degree of thirdhand smoke (THS) caused by short-term exposure to smoking-related substances. To this end, we evaluated the change in concentration of a smoking-related urine biomarker in volunteers before and after visiting public spaces where there is likely THS exposure. We hypothesized that a visit to such public spaces would result in an increase in such biomarkers. Participants visited one of the predetermined facilities (noraebang, PC café) and revisited the same facility after 24 h, spending around 2 h per visit. We selected creatinine-corrected urine cotinine (CUC) as a biomarker to evaluate THS. In addition, we collected nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) from surface dust at each site with cotton swabs (diameter of 2.5 cm). We examined whether CUC concentration significantly changed across three time points (baseline, first visit, and second visit) via repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). Moreover, we analyzed the interaction to determine whether cigarette smell affects the CUC concentration. Finally, CUC and dust NNK were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation. The CUC concentration did not increase from baseline to the first visit, but increased from the baseline to the second visit (Diff = Ln [0.565] ng/mg, P < 0.01). Further, the CUC concentration increased from the first to the second visit (Diff = Ln [0.393] ng/mg, p < 0.01). In the case of the interaction effect, there were statistically significant differences in CUC concentration depending on the smell of smoke in the facility (Diff = Ln [0.325], F value = 4.438, p value = 0.041). The change in CUC concentration from baseline to the second visit (r = 0.562, p < 0.001) and from the first to the second visit (r = 0.544, p < 0.001) were correlated with NNK concentration. We evaluated whether a short stay in a facility with smoke-related substances that adhere to the surrounding environment would expose individuals to THS even if they do not smell or are directly exposed to cigarette smoke. We confirmed that even two relatively short stays (approximately 2 h each) in a facility in which people had previously smoked can lead to THS exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Setting and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure after Short Visits to Public Facilities (Noraebang and Internet Cafés): A Prospective Cohort Study

Park

Sim

2022

Toxics

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“…The first method involves vacuum-suctioning dust, 22,27 and the other method consists of wiping with cotton. 28–30 We used the wiping method. For measurement of dust NNK, filter paper that was soaked in 50% methanol and left to dry was used to collect the dust samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirdhand smoke exposure: Differences in smoke exposure indices and cultural norms between hotels and motels in South Korea

Park

Lee

et al. 2021

Indoor and Built Environment

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The legal regulations and cultural environment for smoking bans in hotels and motels in South Korea differ depending on the type of accommodation. The aim of this study was to assess the thirdhand smoke exposure for hotel and motel guests staying at accommodations who are expected to be relatively vulnerable to thirdhand smoke. Biomarkers for 28 participants were assessed before and after lodging at a hotel or motel for approximately 14 h. Hotel participants had statistically decreased urinary cotinine concentrations after their stay, whereas motel participants experienced increased concentrations. The concentration of nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone in dust in hotels was lower than that in motels, and the higher dust nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone concentration in motels had more effect on an increase in urinary cotinine concentration. Both hotels and motels legally allowed smoking in guest rooms. However, the study participants in hotels were less exposed to thirdhand smoke than those in motels.

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“…However, the reality is that secondhand smoke exposure is often di cult to avoid and people are often exposed by the time they discover it (Park et al, 2021). When people's expectations do not align with the reality of their situation, it can lead to feelings of disappointment, frustration, and hopelessness (Nøst et al, 2020).…”

Section: Con Ned Space Exposure and Depressive Symptommentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Tobacco Smoking, Restaurant and In-Car Secondhand Smoke Exposure are Associated with Depressive Symptom among Young Adults: A Population-based Cross-sectional Analysis

Wang²,

2023

Preprint

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Background Young people who have just reached adulthood are prone to adverse reactions during various social adaptations, which can lead to depression. Depressive symptom among young adults is a severe public health burden currently deteriorating in progress. Smoking behavior, exposure to secondhand smoke in household and in various indoor settings may significantly affect depressive symptoms in young adults. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether recent tobacco smoking, household secondhand smoke exposure and confined space secondhand smoke exposure are associated with depressive symptom in young adults after adjustments for each other. Materials and Methods We extracted data from NHANES 2013–2018, including demographic characteristics, depression level, physical activity, current health status, body measures, recent tobacco smoking, household secondhand smoke exposure and confined space secondhand smoke exposure. A total of 4129 young adults age 18–35 years (mean age 26.11 ± 5.39 years, 2021 males and 2108 females) were included. Depressive symptom was screened by PHQ-9. Recent tobacco smoking and household secondhand smoke exposure were assessed by whether participants had smoked tobacco in the last five days and whether the living with a smoker who smoked inside the house. Confined space secondhand smoke exposure was assessed using the Secondhand Smoke Exposure Questionnaire in this study. We performed binary logistic regression models to analyze the association of recent tobacco smoking, household secondhand smoke exposure, confined space secondhand smoke exposure and depressive symptom, respectively. Results Recent tobacco smoking were positively associated with depressive symptom (OR = 2.201, 95% CI: 1.735–2.353, P < 0.001), this association remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 1.593, 95% CI: 1.318–1.926, P < 0.001). Household secondhand smoke exposure was significantly associated with depressive symptom before adjustment for confounding variables (OR = 1.715, 95% CI: 1.479–1.989, P = 0.001), and this association was not statistically significant after adjustments (OR = 1.132, 95% CI: 0.942–1.360, P = 0.108). Confined space secondhand smoke exposure was positively associated with depressive symptom (OR = 1.812, 95% CI: 1.565–2.097, P < 0.001), this association remained significant after adjusted for confounding variables (OR = 1.399, 95% CI: 1.185–1.651, P < 0.001). Among the different settings of confined space secondhand smoke exposure, restaurant exposure (OR = 1.732, 95% CI: 1.120–2.678, P = 0.013) and in-car exposure (OR = 1.350, 95% CI: 1.102–1.652, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with depressive symptom after adjusted for confounding variables. Conclusions Recent tobacco smoking, restaurant and in-car secondhand smoke exposure are associated with greater risk of depressive symptom among U.S. young adults.

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Does the implementation of smoke-free laws and smoking culture affect exposure to tobacco smoking? Results from 3 hospitality settings in South Korea

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure after Short Visits to Public Facilities (Noraebang and Internet Cafés): A Prospective Cohort Study

Evaluation of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure after Short Visits to Public Facilities (Noraebang and Internet Cafés): A Prospective Cohort Study

Thirdhand smoke exposure: Differences in smoke exposure indices and cultural norms between hotels and motels in South Korea

Recent Tobacco Smoking, Restaurant and In-Car Secondhand Smoke Exposure are Associated with Depressive Symptom among Young Adults: A Population-based Cross-sectional Analysis

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