Does the Repressor Coping Style Predict Lower Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms?

McNally, Richard J.; Hatch, John P.; Cedillos, Elizabeth M.; Luethcke, Cynthia A.; Baker, Monty T.; Peterson, Alan L.; Litz, Brett T.

doi:10.7205/milmed-d-10-00429

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We found a disproportionate representation of patients with high-anxious and defensive coping styles in the probable PTSD group, and a very low representation of patients with low-anxious and repressive coping styles in that group. Although these findings are supported by previous reports from the PTSD literature, 7,16,34,35 we think this is the first study linking coping styles in stroke/TIA survivors-specifically in such a large cohort. It is unclear whether patients who are more anxious at baseline are at greater risk of developing PTSD or whether those who are less anxious or are able to repress their anxiety are relatively protected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…3,5 Stroke-induced PTSD has been linked with worse long-term stroke outcomes, including recurrent stroke, greater disability, and nonadherence to medications. 5–7 The clinical presentation, by The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria, includes intrusive symptoms (memories, flashbacks, dreams), avoidant behavior towards stroke-related stimuli, symptoms of hyperarousal (sleep disturbance, irritability, exaggerated startle etc) and impaired cognitions. 6…”

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confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms After Stroke: The Effects of Anatomy and Coping Style

Assayag

Tene

Korczyn

et al. 2022

Stroke

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Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be triggered by life-threatening medical emergencies, such as stroke. Data suggest that up to 25% of stroke survivors will develop PTSD symptomatology, but little is known about predisposing factors. We sought to examine whether neuroimaging measures and coping styles are related to PTSD symptoms after stroke. Methods: Participants were survivors of first-ever, mild-moderate ischemic stroke, or transient ischemic attack from the TABASCO study (Tel Aviv Brain Acute Stroke Cohort). All participants underwent a 3T magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and were examined 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter, using neurological, neuropsychological, and functional evaluations. At baseline, coping styles were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the PTSD checklist. Data were available for 436 patients. Results: Forty-eight participants (11%) developed probable PTSD (PTSD checklist ≥44) during the first year after the stroke/transient ischemic attack. Stroke was more likely to cause PTSD than transient ischemic attack. Stroke severity, larger white matter lesion volume, and worse hippocampal connectivity were associated with PTSD severity, while infarct volume or location was not. In a multivariate analysis, high-anxious and defensive coping styles were associated with a 6.66-fold higher risk of developing poststroke PTSD ([95% CI, 2.08–21.34]; P <0.01) compared with low-anxious and repressive coping styles, after adjusting for age, education, stroke severity, brain atrophy, and depression. Conclusions: In our cohort, PTSD was a common sequela among stroke survivors. We suggest that risk factors for PTSD development include stroke severity, white matter damage, and premorbid coping styles. Early identification of at-risk patients is key to effective treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms After Stroke: The Effects of Anatomy and Coping Style

Assayag

Tene

Korczyn

et al. 2022

Stroke

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“…In line with our previous findings of an association between trait anxiety and ASD severity, 43 this suggests that individuals with a predisposition to anxiety problems are prone to developing clinically significant stress responses in relation to life stressors. 44 , 45 Thus, it seems that a close examination of temperamental variables, such as the tendency to respond with elevations in anxiety to perceived stressful situations, may lead to better predictions of risk and vulnerability associated with PTSD. In this study, it was the best and most consistent predictor of 3 and 6-month PTSD severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Neuropsychological Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Suliman¹,

Stein²,

Seedat³

2014

Medicine

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Although acute responses to traumatic stress generally resolve within a few weeks, some individuals experience severe and persistent problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While studies have identified a variety of predictors of PTSD, not all data are consistent. This longitudinal study examined the predictive power of neurocognitive deficits with regard to PTSD severity.One hundred thirty one road traffic collision (RTC) survivors were included within 2 weeks of the RTC and followed up 3 and 6 months later to determine severity of PTSD.Impairment on tests of information processing, executive functioning, verbal learning, and motor speed predicted PTSD severity when neuropsychological, clinical, and sociodemographic factors were all taken into account. Clinical variables (initial symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses, disability, trait anxiety, perceived stress, negative cognitions, and sleep) were associated with 3 and 6-month PTSD severity, but only trait anxiety was predictive of PTSD severity. Ethnicity and education were also found to be predictive.These findings suggest implementation of a holistic approach to screening for PTSD and support a need for interventions that target neurocognitive, clinical, and social variables. Early targeted profiling of this group of trauma survivors can inform early clinical interventions and policy.

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“…The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ; German version of Bernstein & Fink, 1998) was utilized to control for differences in experienced childhood events, as childhood trauma has been shown to be associated with noradrenergic responses to stress (Otte et al 2005) and with an increased risk of PTSD after trauma in adulthood (Breslau et al 1999). Since PTSD is positively related to pre-trauma trait anxiety (McNally et al 2011), the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (German version of Spielberger & Gorsuch, 1983) was applied. After the assessment, participants completed the intrusion diary for the next 4 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%