Does the shape make a difference? Evaluating the ethnic role of cranial modification in the Pampa-Patagonia region (Argentina) during the late Holocene

Serna, Alejandro; Prates, Luciano Raúl; Flensborg, Gustavo; Martínez, Gustavo; Cristian, Favier Dubois; Ivan, Perez Sergio

doi:10.1007/s12520-018-0687-6

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Microwaves homogeneously heat the system and can be conducted under solvent free conditions [27–31] . The ability of a material to absorb microwave radiation depends on its dielectric properties [32] . A growing interest in microwave synthesis of polymers has been started since last decade [33] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Routes for the Synthesis of a Thermoresponsive Polymer: A Comparative Approach

Lateef

Ganaie²,

Peerzada

2021

ChemistrySelect

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Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) is a thermosensitive polymer which undergoes coil to globule transition in which chains collapse and aggregate when passing to and above lower critical solution temperature (LCST). This property of the polymer is due to its unique structure. The synthesis of thermosensitive polymer Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) by novel and eco‐friendly routes has been reported in this work. The synthetic routes adapted are microwave method and a nonlinear chemical oscillator. In both of these methods, chemistry of polymerisation takes place in a single pot involving less toxic end products. To evolve a comparative trend conventional method was also used as a standard. Based on this, the mechanism for the synthesis of thermosensitive polymer was also proposed. It is found that the above mentioned nonconventional methods of synthesis have advantages over the conventional method in terms of the time of reaction and yield. The polymers synthesized by different routes were then characterised by different techniques which confirmed their thermosensitive behaviour and other properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Routes for the Synthesis of a Thermoresponsive Polymer: A Comparative Approach

Lateef

Ganaie²,

Peerzada

2021

ChemistrySelect

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“…1. Èñêóññòâåííàÿ äåôîðìàöèÿ ÷åðåïà êàê ìàðêåð ýòíè÷åñêîé ïðèíàäëåaeíîñòè [Yépez Vásquez, 2009;Serna et al, 2018]. Îäèí èç ïåðâûõ ýòíîãðàôîâ Þaeíîé Àìåðèêè, ìèññèîíåð Áàðòîëîìý äå ëàñ Êàñàñ îïèñàë, ÷òî èíäåéöû èçìåíÿëè ôîðìû ñâîèõ ÷åðåïîâ ñ öåëüþ îòëè÷àòü ëþäåé èç ðàçíûõ ïðîâèíöèé: «È ïðèêàçàë Èíêà âñåì ñâîèì êîðîëåâñòâàì ÷òîá aeèòåëè êàaeäîé ïðîâèíöèè, à áûëî èõ äåñÿòü òûñÿ÷ ñîñåäåé, èìåëè íà ãîëîâå îòëè÷èòåëüíîé îò äðóãèõ ïðîâèíöèé çíàê (…) Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñ ðîaeäåíèåì ðåá¸íêà è äî òåõ ïîð ïîêà ãîëîâà åãî îñòàâàëàñü íåaeíîé, íàìàòûâàëèñü è çàòÿãèâàëèñü òêàíè è ïîâÿçêè, ñ ïîìîùüþ êîòîðûõ èçìåíÿëàñü ãîëîâà è ïðèäàâàëàñü åé aeåëàåìàÿ ôîðìà.…”

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Craniological characteristic of the Chilean pre-Columbian era population (based on the Chunchuri necropolis): artificial cranial deformation and morphometric features

Stepanova¹,

Гончарова²

2019

MUAB

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ВведениеÒðàäèöèÿ èñêóññòâåííîé äåôîðìàöèè ãîëîâû ðàñïðîñòðàíåíà äîâîëüíî øèðîêî êàê â Ñòàðîì, òàê è â Íîâîì Ñâåòå. Âî âñåõ òðàäèöèîííûõ ñîîáùåñòâàõ Þaeíîé Àìåðèêè îòíîøåíèå ê ãîëîâå áûëî îñîáåííûì, êîíöåïòóàëüíûì. Ñ ãîëîâîé ñâÿçàíî ìíîãî îáðÿäîâ, òðàäèöèé, èäåîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåäñòàâëåíèé. Ýòî è âîåííûå òðîôåè ó ïëåìåí îõîòíèêîâ çà ãîëîâàìè, è ðàçëè÷íûå ôîðìû ñîìà-òè÷åñêèõ ìîäèôèêàöèé, äî ñèõ ïîð ñóùåñòâóþùèå ó íàðîäîâ Þaeíîé Àìåðèêè, è äåôîðìàöèÿ ãîëîâû, øèðîêî ïðàêòèêîâàâøàÿñÿ äî ïðèõîäà êîëîíèçàòîðîâ [Tiesler, Lozada, 2018], îïèñàííûå ìíîãèìè ýòíîãðàôàìè ñåðåäèíû XVI -íà÷àëà XVII âåêîâ. Êðàíèîëîãè÷åñêîå îïèñàíèå òàêèõ ãðóïï èìååò îñîáîå çíà÷åíèå, òàê êàê èñêóññòâåííûå äåôîðìàöèè èçìåíÿþò ðàçìåðíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ÷åðåïîâ, ïðè÷åì íå òîëüêî ìîçãîâîãî, íî, âåðîÿòíî, è ëèöåâîãî îòäåëà. Èíòåðåñíîé çàäà÷åé ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ ñðàâíåíèå ðàçìåðíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ÷åðåïîâ, èìåþùèõ ðàçíûå äåôîðìàöèè. Ïðàâäà, ïðè òàêîì ñðàâíåíèè âñåãäà âñòàåò âîïðîñ î ïðàâîìåðíîñòè àíàëèçà ÷åðåïîâ ñ ðàçíûìè äåôîðìàöèÿìè, íàéäåííûõ â ðàçíûõ ìîãèëüíèêàõ, à èíîãäà è â ðàçíûõ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ ðåãèîíàõ. Ñèòóàöèÿ, êîãäà íà îäíîì ïîãðåáàëüíîì ïàìÿòíèêå ïðåäñòàâëåíû ðàçíûå òèïû äåôîðìàöèé ÿâëÿåòñÿ íå÷àñòîé, èìåííî ïîýòîìó òàêîå ñðàâíåíèå èìååò îñîáûé èíòåðåñ. Êîíå÷íî, è â ýòîì ñëó÷àå ìîaeåò âîçíèêíóòü Ââåäåíèå. Â ñòàòüå ïðèâîäèòñÿ äåòàëüíàÿ êðàíèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà íàñåëåíèÿ Õ âåêà í.ý., îñòàâèâøåãî íåêðîïîëü ×óí÷óðè â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè ×èëè. Êðàíèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ âûáîðêà âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ ÷åðåïà áåç äåôîðìàöèè, à òàêaeå äåôîðìèðîâàííûå îáðàçöû. Ðàññìîòðåíû îñíîâíûå ïðè÷èíû äåôîðìàöèé ÷åðåïà íà òåððèòîðèè Þaeíîé Àìåðèêè. Ïîêàçàíà ñëîaeíîñòü êëàññèôèêàöèè òèïîâ äåôîðìàöèè, ïðèâåäåíà êëàññèôèêàöèÿ Äåìáî è Èìáåëëîíè, êîòîðàÿ ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå óäà÷íîé äëÿ çîíû Àíä. Öåëüþ ðàáîòû ÿâëÿåòñÿ êðàíèîëîãè÷åñêîå îïèñàíèå âûáîðêè, ïîèñê ðàçëè÷àþùèõñÿ ïðèçíàêîâ äëÿ ðàçíûõ òèïîâ äåôîðìàöèé, àíàëèç âëèÿíèÿ äåôîðìàöèè ìîçãîâîé êîðîáêè íà ðàçìåðû ëèöà. Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäû. Â êà÷åñòâå ìàòåðèàëà èñïîëüçîâàíà êîëëåêöèÿ ÷åðåïîâ ×èëèéñêîãî íàöèîíàëüíîãî ìóçåÿ èç ðàñêîïîê â ãîðîäå Êàëàìà (ñåâåð ×èëè). Èçìåðåíèå ÷åðåïîâ ïðîâåäåíî ïî ðàñøèðåííîé ïðîãðàììå Ìàðòèíà, âêëþ÷àâøåé 61 ïðèçíàê. Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêàÿ îáðàáîòêà âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ îïèñàòåëüíóþ ñòàòèñòèêó, äèñïåðñèîííûé è äèñêðèìèíàíòíûé àíàëèçû. Ðåçóëüòàòû è îáñóaeäåíèå. Âûÿâëåíû ïðèçíàêè ìîçãîâîãî ÷åðåïà, êîòîðûå äîñòîâåðíî îòëè÷àþòñÿ ó ÷åðåïîâ ñ ðàçíûìè òèïàìè äåôîðìàöèè. Íàèëó÷øèìè ïðèçíàêàìè-ðàçäåëèòåëÿìè òèïîâ äåôîðìàöèé ÿâëÿþòñÿ äóãè è õîðäû ìîçãîâîãî îòäåëà, ðàçìåðû áîëüøîãî çàòûëî÷íîãî îòâåðñòèÿ, âûñîòíûé è øèðîòíûé äèàìåòðû ÷åðåïà, íàèìåíüøàÿ øèðèíà ëáà. Âûÿâëåíû òåíäåíöèè ðàçëè÷èé ïðèçíàêîâ ëèöåâîãî îòäåëà, êîòîðûå ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò îá óìåíüøåíèè øèðîòíûõ è óâåëè÷åíèè âûñîòíûõ ðàçìåðîâ ëèöà ïðè ðàçíûõ âèäàõ äåôîðìàöèè ÷åðåïíîé êîðîáêè. Îòìå÷åíî óâåëè÷åíèå óïëîùåííîñòè ëèöà íà óðîâíå ñêóë ïðè óìåíüøåíèè ñðåäíåé øèðèíû ëèöà. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ïàëåîàíòðîïîëîãèÿ; êðàíèîìåòðèÿ, äåôîðìàöèè ìîçãîâîé êîðîáêè ÷åðåïà; ïðèçíàêè-ðàçäåëèòåëè òèïîâ äåôîðìàöèé; íàñåëåíèå ×èëè, Õ âåê Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII

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Ancient mitogenomes from the Southern Pampas of Argentina reflect local differentiation and limited extra‐regional linkages after rapid initial colonization

Motti

Pauro

Scabuzzo

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objective This study aims to contribute to the recovery of Indigenous evolutionary history in the Southern Pampas region of Argentina through an analysis of ancient complete mitochondrial genomes. Materials and Methods We generated DNA data for nine complete mitogenomes from the Southern Pampas, dated to between 2531 and 723 cal BP. In combination with previously published ancient mitogenomes from the region and from throughout South America, we documented instances of extra‐regional lineage‐sharing, and estimated coalescent ages for local lineages using a Bayesian method with tip calibrations in a phylogenetic analysis. Results We identified a novel mitochondrial haplogroup, B2b16, and two recently defined haplogroups, A2ay and B2ak1, as well as three local haplotypes within founder haplogroups C1b and C1d. We detected lineage‐sharing with ancient and contemporary individuals from Central Argentina, but not with ancient or contemporary samples from North Patagonian or Littoral regions of Argentina, despite archeological evidence of cultural interactions with the latter regions. The estimated coalescent age of these shared lineages is ~10,000 years BP. Discussion The history of the human populations in the Southern Pampas is temporally deep, exhibiting long‐term continuity of mitogenome lineages. Additionally, the identification of highly localized mtDNA clades accords with a model of relatively rapid initial colonization of South America by Indigenous communities, followed by more local patterns of limited gene flow and genetic drift in various South American regions, including the Pampas.

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Does the shape make a difference? Evaluating the ethnic role of cranial modification in the Pampa-Patagonia region (Argentina) during the late Holocene

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Novel Routes for the Synthesis of a Thermoresponsive Polymer: A Comparative Approach

Novel Routes for the Synthesis of a Thermoresponsive Polymer: A Comparative Approach

Craniological characteristic of the Chilean pre-Columbian era population (based on the Chunchuri necropolis): artificial cranial deformation and morphometric features

Ancient mitogenomes from the Southern Pampas of Argentina reflect local differentiation and limited extra‐regional linkages after rapid initial colonization

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