Does training analytical thinking decrease superstitious beliefs? Relationship between analytical thinking, intrinsic religiosity, and superstitious beliefs

Tosyali, Furkan; Aktaş, Büşra

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111122

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We found several individual differences that are relevant to superstitious behavior, and most of them are consistent with previously reported findings. As for demographic variables, we found that women are more superstitious than men, corroborating earlier results (Blum & Blum, 1974;Buhrmann & Zaugg, 1981;Conklin, 1919;Dag, 1999;Fluke et al, 2014;Ranndall & Desrosiers, 1980;Tosyali & Aktas, 2021;Voracek, 2009;Wiseman & Watt, 2004). This finding may reflect differences in anxiety levels, although in the current study, the correlation between gender and anxiety was relatively weak.…”

Section: Individual Differencessupporting

confidence: 91%

A Quantitative Examination of Half-Belief in Superstition

Caspi,

Shmuel,

Chajut

2024

Journal of Individual Differences

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We examined the phenomenon of half-belief in superstitions by asking two samples of participants (total N = 1,014) to report how much they practiced positive and negative superstitions and how much they believed in these superstitions. We further assessed whether demographic and psychological variables accounted for practice and belief. The results suggest that very few people show a complete lack of belief in superstitions and practice none. Some participants are calibrated believers, that is, people who practice and believe to the same extent. All others are either half-believers, who practice more than they believe or passive-believers who practice less than they believe. Age, gender, and religiosity correlated with practicing, believing, and with the discrepancy between them (i.e., with half-belief or with passive-belief). Anxiety and uncertainty are associated with practicing, believing, and the discrepancy between them, with some effects being weaker for positive than for negative superstitions. Some correlations were stronger in stressful situations (i.e., COVID-19) than prior to the pandemic.

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Section: Individual Differencessupporting

confidence: 91%

A Quantitative Examination of Half-Belief in Superstition

Caspi,

Shmuel,

Chajut

2024

Journal of Individual Differences

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“…Based on these findings, Bahçekapili and Yilmaz (2017) suggest that the link between analytic thinking and religiosity depends on how religiosity is expressed among individuals. Relatedly, Tosyali and Aktas (2021) show that the negative link between analytic thinking and superstitious beliefs is stronger for Turkish participants with low-to-moderate levels of religiosity than highly religious individuals. These results suggest that the relationship between analytic thinking and irrational beliefs is not as simple as analytic thinking always suppressing such beliefs, but may involve group differences related to norms surrounding belief, such as culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Culture as a Moderator of Epistemically Suspect Beliefs

et al. 2022

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A consistent finding reported in the literature is that epistemically suspect beliefs (e.g., paranormal beliefs) are less frequently endorsed by individuals with a greater tendency to think analytically. However, these results have been observed predominantly in Western participants. In the present work, we explore various individual differences known to predict epistemically suspect beliefs across both Western and Eastern cultures. Across four studies with Japanese (n = 666) and Western (n = 650) individuals, we find that the association between thinking style and beliefs varied as a function of culture. Specifically, while Westerners who scored higher on measures of Type-2 analytic thinking tended to endorse epistemically suspect beliefs less, this association was not observed in Japanese samples, suggesting that the often-observed negative association between analytic thinking and epistemically suspect beliefs may be exclusive to Western individuals. Additionally, we demonstrate that a tendency to think holistically (specifically with regards to causality) is positively associated with the endorsement of epistemically suspect beliefs within both samples. Overall, we discuss how various individual differences predict the endorsement of epistemically suspect beliefs across cultures.

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“…In this state, athletes can devote themselves to the activities they engage in, in order to enter a state of personal stability, both internal and external interfering athletes can be automatically shielded. And it can let athletes in the process of training or competition immerse in the fun of the activity itself and have a sense of control over the action process [ 3 , 4 ]. Many studies have shown that mindfulness helps promote fluency experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention of Fluency and Anxiety in Mindfulness Training of Shooting

Wei

2022

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Introduction. Mindfulness cognitive therapy is based on mindfulness decompression, integrating the elements of cognitive behavioral therapy and related psychological education components, a set of mindfulness group courses designed. Objective. In order to explore the influence of mindfulness training on fluency and anxiety in shooting sports training. Methods. There are 22 athletes in a provincial shooting team, 12 in the experimental group and 10 people in the control group, grouped according to the random principle. A single-participant experiment design with multiple baseline levels of ABA was adopted. Results. The fluency state of the athletes has increased from 28.75 to 30.63; the average value before the intervention increased by 6.5%, PEM = 88 % , explaining that the previous intervention has a moderate-intensity effect. The average value of athletes’ sports competition anxiety state 205 before intervention was reduced to 171.25, reduced by 16.5%, PEM = 100 % , showing that the intervention effect is very effective. Conclusions. After the shooting athletes received the intervention of the mindfulness cognitive intervention method MBCT, the state of fluency is improved, the level of competition anxiety is reduced, and the experimental intervention basically confirmed the research hypothesis. This study confirms the moderating role of emotion regulation self-efficacy between mindfulness and the fluency of shooters and provides further impetus for the refinement and development of a push-up spiral model that explains mindfulness mechanisms.

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Does training analytical thinking decrease superstitious beliefs? Relationship between analytical thinking, intrinsic religiosity, and superstitious beliefs

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

A Quantitative Examination of Half-Belief in Superstition

A Quantitative Examination of Half-Belief in Superstition

Culture as a Moderator of Epistemically Suspect Beliefs

Intervention of Fluency and Anxiety in Mindfulness Training of Shooting

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