Does tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway mediate the association between pro-inflammatory immune activity and depressive symptoms?

Quak, Jacqueline; Doornbos, Bennard; Roest, Annelieke M.; Duivis, Hester E.; Vogelzangs, Nicole; Nolen, Willem A.; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.; Kema, Ido P.; Jonge, Peter de

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.013

Cited by 91 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…1). Similar findings have been reported previously [32]. Moreover, we found no relation between KYN-related metabolites and a lifetime history of suicidal behavior, unlike previous findings regarding recent suicide attempts [4,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, we found no relation between KYN-related metabolites and a lifetime history of suicidal behavior, unlike previous findings regarding recent suicide attempts [4,22]. Plasma concentrations of other KYN-related analytes (AA, XA, and 5-HIAA) did not differ between depressed subjects and controls (Table 1), in accord with previous reports [32,33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Nevertheless, the findings have not always been consistent [13,14,24] and require replication. Based on the aim of verifying some preceding findings, we tested the relationship of circulating concentrations of KYN-related metabolites to current major depression among hospitalized patients diagnosed with MDD or BD, with or without a lifetime history of suicide attempt, compared with healthy, ambulatory controls of similar age and sex distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Tryptophan and Kynurenine Metabolites: Are They Related to Depression?

et al. 2018

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Background: Some previous studies found decreased concentrations of L-tryptophan (TRY) and increased L-kynurenine (KYN), or its metabolites, in the body fluids of subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), sometimes in association with suicidal behavior. Such changes might indicate a shift of TRY away from serotonin production, possibly via the effects of inflammatory peptides which activate indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. However, these findings have been inconsistent and require replication. Methods: We used sensitive liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry methods to assay plasma concentrations of TRY, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and KYN and its metabolites (anthranilic acid and xanthurenic acid). We compared 49 hospitalized, depressed subjects diagnosed with MDD (n = 37) or bipolar disorder (BD, n = 12), with (n = 22) or without (n = 27) previous suicide attempts, to 78 healthy, ambulatory controls of similar age and sex (total n = 127). Findings: Contrary to expectation, TRY plasma concentrations were higher, KYN plasma concentrations were lower, and their ratio much higher in depressed subjects, with no relationship to suicidal history. Concentrations of 5-HIAA and the kynurenine metabolites did not differ between depressed and healthy subjects. Conclusions: These findings are opposite to expectations and not consistent with a hypothesized increased conversion from TRY to KYN in depressed subjects. In addition, we found no evidence of altered production of serotonin as 5-HIAA concentration was unchanged. None of the observed changes was associated with a history of suicide attempt.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Tryptophan and Kynurenine Metabolites: Are They Related to Depression?

et al. 2018

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“…[21][22][23]45 Nevertheless, this has not been con sistently reported in the literature, 25,26,46,47 and changes in KP metabolites and their corresponding enzymes in human se rum and CSF do not necessarily parallel events in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…3,8,9 Currently, the evidence implicating enhanced KP metab olism in depressed individuals in the absence of immunother apy or medical illness is both limited and inconsistent. Whereas several studies that were performed using specimens from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have reported a positive as sociation between various components of the KP and depres sion or suicide, [21][22][23][24] others failed to do so 25,26 or have revealed qualitatively different changes for various analytes. 27 Moreover, evidence for abnormal brain tissue levels of KP metabolites in depressed individuals and individuals who died by suicide is limited or indirect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced kynurenine pathway metabolism and cytokine expression in the prefrontal cortex of depressed individuals

Clark

Pocivavsek

Nicholson

et al. 2016

jpn

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Stimuli‐responsive molecularly imprinted hybrid polymer gel as a potential system for controlled release

Güney

Serin

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The purpose of this study is to develop a stimuli‐responsive hybrid polymer gel system with an improved mechanical stability as a controlled drug delivery carrier that can undergo phase transition by the stimulation of ethanol–water mixture. For this aim, trimethoxysilane terminated poly(propylene glycol) by coupling of 3‐isocyanatopropyl‐triethoxysilane with the hydroxyl end groups of poly(propylene glycol) through urethane bonds was synthesized. Hybrid polymer gels prepared in the presence of tryptophan (Trp), as a model of drug, were characterized and gelation time of polymer network was obtained by monitoring the fluorescence emission of Trp in pre‐gel solution. Swelling, solvent uptake and release kinetic of polymer gels were evaluated depending on time. The diffusional exponents (n) and diffusion constants (k) of each gel were calculated by using the swelling kinetic data. The effect of precursors as a monomer on Trp release profile was analyzed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42913.

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Does tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway mediate the association between pro-inflammatory immune activity and depressive symptoms?

Cited by 91 publications

References 44 publications

Tryptophan and Kynurenine Metabolites: Are They Related to Depression?

Tryptophan and Kynurenine Metabolites: Are They Related to Depression?

Reduced kynurenine pathway metabolism and cytokine expression in the prefrontal cortex of depressed individuals

Stimuli‐responsive molecularly imprinted hybrid polymer gel as a potential system for controlled release

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