Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients?

Nasiri, Maryam; Khodadadi, Javad; Molaei, Sedigheh

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.083

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There have been a large number of studies looking at the impact of vitamin D on acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with variable results reported [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Vitamin D deficiency appears to be associated with severe disease, with some evidence suggesting that vitamin D plays a protective role [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Relationship between Vitamin D and Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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The emergence of persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID, is providing a new challenge to healthcare systems. The cardinal features are fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance. Vitamin D is known to have pleotropic effects far beyond bone health and is associated with immune modulation and autoimmunity. We hypothesize that vitamin D levels are associated with persistent symptoms following COVID-19. Herein, we investigate the relationship between vitamin D and fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance, assessed by the Chalder Fatigue Score, six-minute walk test and modified Borg scale. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships. A total of 149 patients were recruited at a median of 79 days after COVID-19 illness. The median vitamin D level was 62 nmol/L, with n = 36 (24%) having levels 30–49 nmol/L and n = 14 (9%) with levels <30 nmol/L. Fatigue was common, with n = 86 (58%) meeting the case definition. The median Borg score was 3, while the median distance covered for the walk test was 450 m. No relationship between vitamin D and the measures of ongoing ill-health assessed in the study was found following multivariable regression analysis. These results suggest that persistent fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance following COVID-19 are independent of vitamin D.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Relationship between Vitamin D and Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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“…Among them, 877 articles were excluded by reviewing the title and abstract, and 2 in vitro research studies, 3 meta-analyses, 21 systemic reviews, and 40 reviews were also excluded ( Figure 1B ). Finally, an article review was conducted on 39 studies, which were classified into 13 cohort studies [ 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ], 11 cross-sectional studies [ 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 ], 6 case-control studies [ 31 32 33 34 35 36 ], and 9 RCTs [ 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 ] ( Table 1 ). The cohort study included 10 COVID-19-related studies and 3 respiratory disease-related studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ye et al [ 35 ] identified a potential threshold of serum 25(OH)D of 41.19 nmol/L for COVID-19 prevention. COVID-19-positive patients were hospitalized for a prolonged period if they had low vitamin D levels at the time of admission [ 25 ]. It has been reported that the normalization of serum 25(OH)D levels shortened hospital stays and reduced inflammatory biomarkers [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Some Vitamins in Respiratory-related Viral Infections: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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This study aimed to find out the effect of vitamins on respiratory-related viral infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), through the literature reviews. From January 2000 to June 2021, the studies (cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, randomized control trials) related to vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, C, B 6 , folate, and B 12 ) and COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome/Middle East respiratory syndrome/cold/influenza were selected from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries and analyzed. The relationship between vitamins and virus-related respiratory diseases was identified. Through the review, 39 studies were selected on vitamin D, one study on vitamin E, 11 studies on vitamin C, and 3 studies on folate. Regarding COVID-19, 18 studies on vitamin D, 4 studies on vitamin C, and 2 studies on folate showed significant effects of the intake of these nutrients in preventing COVID-19. Regarding colds and influenza, 3 studies on vitamin D, 1 study on vitamin E, 3 studies on vitamin C, and 1 study on folate demonstrated that the intake of these nutrients significantly prevents these diseases. Therefore, this review suggested the intake of vitamins D, E, C, and folate is important for preventing respiratory diseases related to viruses, such as COVID-19, colds, and influenza. The relationship between these nutrients and virus-related respiratory diseases should be continuously monitored in the future.

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“…However, Chen et al [ 25 ] reported that neither vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml) nor insufficiency (< 30 ng/ml) was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 in-hospital death. Another study conducted in Iran with a cohort of 329 cases of COVID-19 showed no relationship between vitamin D status and death rate [ 26 ]. Additionally, a cohort study using UK Biobank showed no evidence that the hazard of COVID-19 mortality was higher among participants with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum vitamin D level in COVID-19 patients and its correlation with disease severity

Morad

Habeeb²,

Yassin³

et al. 2022

Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil

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Background Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections are associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and several pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to cytokine storm. Vitamin D has been proved to be associated with biological activities of the innate and adaptive immune systems. There is a growing number of data showing an association between serum vitamin D level and the different clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection. Our aim is to evaluate the relation between serum vitamin D levels and the severity and mortality of COVID-19 infection in an Egyptian cohort. Results The study included 80 COVID-19 patients, 38 males (47.5%) and 42 females (52.5%), with a mean age of 52 ± 11.4 years (18–80 years). The serum vitamin D levels ranged between 2 and 30 ng/mL with a mean of 12.05 ± 9.04. Patients who were intubated had the lowest levels of serum vitamin D (7.26 ng/ml ± 5.21), while patients who had no need for oxygen supply had the highest levels (20.00 ng/ml ± 9.23) (P = 0.025). A highly significant negative correlation was found between serum vitamin D level and each of CRP and serum ferritin (r = − 0.346 and − 0.313) (P = 0.002 and 0.005). Of the enrolled 80 patients, 63 (79%) recovered (group 1) and 17 (21%) died (group 2). Group 2 had significantly lower vitamin D levels (6.17 ng/mL ± 3.22) and hemoglobin (10.75 ± 1.74) than group 1 patients (13.63ng/mL ± 9.46) (12.10 ± 1.85) (P = 0.002 and 0.009 respectively). Conclusion Serum vitamin D levels are significantly lower in patients needing mechanical ventilation, and in deceased patients, and are inversely related to the inflammatory markers CRP and serum ferritin, suggesting a relation between vitamin D insufficiency and poor COVID-19 outcome.

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Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients?

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Investigating the Relationship between Vitamin D and Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Investigating the Relationship between Vitamin D and Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The Role of Some Vitamins in Respiratory-related Viral Infections: A Narrative Review

Serum vitamin D level in COVID-19 patients and its correlation with disease severity

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