Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde badem ağaçlarında görülen bazı virüs hastalıklarının saptanması ve karakterizasyonu

Abstract

Recently, production of almond has tended to increase in the Mediterranean countries as well as in Turkey. As in all plants, almond also suffer from viral diseases leading to qualitative and quantitative losses. Distribution of Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV), Plum pox virus (PPV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) diseases on almond trees in the Eastern Mediterranean Region were investigated and its molecular and biological characterization were performed with this study. During the surveys conducted between 2012-2016, 605 almond leaf samples were collected and tested by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) from 5 provinces of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. 169 almond samples (27.93%) of 605 were found to be infected by at least one virus. Of these, 26 of 129 samples (20.16%) in Adana, 90 of 299 samples (30.10%) in Mersin, 11 of 71 samples (15.49%) in Kahramanmaraş, 34 of 89 samples (38.20%) in Hatay and 8 of 17 samples (47.06%) in Osmaniye were found to be infected at least one virus. While PNRSV, PDV, ACLSV and mixed infection were detected at rate 64%, 18%, 11% and 7% respectively, ApMV, PPV, and CLRV were not found in tested samples. Genomic regions containing the coat protein (CP) gene was reproduced by RT-PCR, resulting in bands of 616 bp for PNRSV, 862 bp for PDV and 358 bp for ACLSV. As they are similar in nucleotide level with 97-99% of the world PNRSV isolates registered to NCBI, 87-96% with PDV isolates, and 81-96% with ACLSV isolates of almond, it is considered that these pathogens spread due to the trade of plant materials. Ülkemizin Doğu Karadeniz kıyı bölgesi ile çok yüksek yaylaları dışındaki her bölgesinde badem yetiştirilmektedir.