Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in a Captive Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Mazzariol, Sandro; Peletto, Simone; Mondin, Alessandra; Centelleghe, Cinzia; Guardo, Giovanni Di; Francesco, Cristina Esmeralda Di; Casalone, Cristina; Acutis, Pier Luigi

doi:10.1128/jcm.02710-12

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, this is not the first description of DMV in the Mediterranean Sea in 2011. In Italy, DMV has been reported in striped dolphins, bottlenose dolphins and fin whales on almost the same dates as this report [21-24]. Accordingly, Morbillivirus infection finding might be related with the rise in strandings in 2011.…”

Section: Case Presentationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Complementarily, the N2 fragment of 495 bp [19] and the N1 fragment of 181 bp of the nucleoprotein gene [5] were compared with other DMV nucleoprotein gene sequences, which confirmed that the 2011 DMV strain evolved from the 1990 DMV strain and the 2007 DMV strain (Figure 3). The N1 sequence was 100% identical to the others observed in the Mediterranean Sea from 2007 to 2012 [20,21], whereas the N2 fragment showed a similarity of 99.8% with the DMV sequence obtained from the Globicephala melas mass stranding of 2007 [20]. …”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Unusual striped dolphin mass mortality episode related to cetacean morbillivirus in the Spanish Mediterranean sea

Rubio-Guerri

Melero

Esperón³

et al. 2013

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundIn the last 20 years, Cetacean Morbillivirus (CeMV) has been responsible for many die-offs in marine mammals worldwide, as clearly exemplified by the two dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) epizootics of 1990–1992 and 2006–2008, which affected Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Between March and April 2011, the number of strandings on the Valencian Community coast (E Spain) increased.Case presentationNecropsy and sample collection were performed in all stranded animals, with good state of conservation. Subsequently, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Universal Probe Library (UPL) RT-PCR assays were performed to identify Morbillivirus. Gross and microscopic findings compatible with CeMV were found in the majority of analyzed animals. Immunopositivity in the brain and UPL RT-PCR positivity in seven of the nine analyzed animals in at least two tissues confirmed CeMV systemic infection. Phylogenetic analysis, based on sequencing part of the phosphoprotein gene, showed that this isolate is a closely related dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) to that responsible for the 2006–2008 epizootics.ConclusionThe combination of gross and histopathologic findings compatible with DMV with immunopositivity and molecular detection of DMV suggests that this DMV strain could cause this die-off event.

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Section: Case Presentationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 59%

Unusual striped dolphin mass mortality episode related to cetacean morbillivirus in the Spanish Mediterranean sea

Rubio-Guerri

Melero

Esperón³

et al. 2013

BMC Vet Res

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“…1,3 This finding argues in favor of prolonged DMV circulation in the Western Mediterranean and simultaneously supports the hypothesis stating that an inadequate level of anti-viral immunity exists in the striped dolphins that inhabit this area. Based on the available data, it can be predicted that cyclic DMV epidemics should be occurring every 3–5 years in the Western Mediterranean.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

Dolphin Morbillivirus: a lethal but valuable infection model

Guardo

Mazzariol

2013

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Dolphin Morbillivirus (DMV), which has caused at least four epidemics in the Western Mediterranean during the last 20–25 years, may dramatically impact the health and conservation of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) living in this area. The viral and host factors driving the host–DMV interaction, along with those related to the climate change that underlie the occurrence of DMV epidemics, warrant further investigation.

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“…It is likely these were spillover events and it is thus reasonable to propose the virus is maintained in other marine mammal species during the intervening period. For example interspecies transmission of CeMV from a dolphin to a captive seal has been demonstrated [62]. Atlantic harp seal populations exceed 7 million which is well in excess of the numbers to maintain endemic transmission of a morbillivirus.…”

Section: Where Did Morbilliviruses Come From?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the evolutionary trajectories of morbilliviruses: what, where and whither

Nambulli

Sharp

Acciardo

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Virology

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Morbilliviruses are pathogens of humans and other animals. Live attenuated morbillivirus vaccines have been used to end endemic transmission of measles virus (MV) in many parts of the developed world and to eradicate rinderpest virus. Entry is mediated by two different receptors which govern virus lymphotropism and epitheliotropism. Morbillivirus transmissibility is unparalleled and MV represents the most infectious human pathogen on earth. Their evolutionary origins remain obscure and their potential for adaption to new hosts is poorly understood. It has been suggested that MV could be eradicated. Therefore it is imperative to dissect barriers which restrict cross species infections. This is important as ecological studies identify novel morbilliviruses in a vast number of small mammals and carnivorous predators.

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Dolphin Morbillivirus Infection in a Captive Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Abstract: CASE REPORT

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Unusual striped dolphin mass mortality episode related to cetacean morbillivirus in the Spanish Mediterranean sea

Unusual striped dolphin mass mortality episode related to cetacean morbillivirus in the Spanish Mediterranean sea

Dolphin Morbillivirus: a lethal but valuable infection model

Mapping the evolutionary trajectories of morbilliviruses: what, where and whither

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