Domain size dependence of d33 piezoelectric properties for barium titanate single crystals with engineered domain configurations

Domain size engineering in tetragonal Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 crystals

“…13 Crystal samples with [111] directions were oriented by real-time Laue X-ray system. Samples with size of 6 Â 1 Â 1 mm 3 were polished to allow in-situ microscopic observation of the domain structure. Gold electrodes were sputtered on the (111) end faces to allow electrical property measurements.…”

“…The d 33(meter) was measured using a piezo-d 33 meter (ZJ-2). Polarization versus electric field (P-E) and strain versus electric field (S-E) were measured on samples with size of 5 Â 5 Â 1 mm 3 , using a modified Sawyer-Tower circuit and linear variable differential transducer (LVDT), driven by a lock-in amplifier (Stanford Research Systems, Model SR830). The high field piezoelectric coefficients (d 33 * ) were calculated from the slope of the unipolar strain curves.…”

“…The piezoelectric properties of BaTiO 3 single crystals have been investigated as a function of domain size, [1][2][3][4] where the piezoelectric properties were found to significantly increase with decreasing domain size. The piezoelectric coefficient (d 31 ) and lateral electromechanical coupling factor (k 31 ) were found to increase from À98 pC/N to À230 pC/N and from 25.9% to 47.5%, respectively, with corresponding domain sizes of 40 lm and 5.5 lm.…”

“…The experimental results revealed that the enhanced piezoelectric coefficients were associated with the high domain wall density. [1][2][3] Generally, the extrinsic contribution (irreversible domain wall motion) will increase with increasing domain wall density. In previous work, Rayleigh law has been used to investigate the extrinsic contribution to the dielectric and piezoelectric responses in ferroelectric materials.…”

Temperature dependence of the direct piezoelectric effect in relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals: Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions

“…Moreover, the intrinsic contribution, as measured along the non polar ͓001͔ C poling direction of each domain-engineered crystal, is also expected to increase as the first order ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition is approached. 25 There is significant evidence that the presence, rather than motion, of domain walls in domain-engineered barium titanate and potassium niobate leads to an increase piezoelectric response, [35][36][37][38][39] especially when the domain structure becomes very fine ͓Ͻ10 m ͑Ref. 38 and 39͔͒.…”