Domestic Animals as Indicators of <i>Anaplasma</i> Species Infections in Northern Albania

Petrovec, Miroslav; Sixl, W; Marth, Egon; Bushati, Nevila; Wüst, Gilda

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07347.x

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Both R. sanguineus and I. ricinus have been implicated as vectors for a range of pathogens in Europe with some of them causing zoonoses with the potential to cause considerable public health problems (Estrada-Peña and Jongejan 1999; Shaw et al 2001;Parola 2004;Parola et al 2005;Brouqui et al 2007;Rovery et al 2008). The presence of several of those tick-borne disease agents in Albania has been proven through serological surveys or direct detection of the antigens in hosts or ticks, e.g., tick-borne encephalitis and Mediterranean spotted fever (Bárdoš et al 1959;Gina et al 1986;Eltari et al 1993;Berxholi et al 1995;Christova et al 2003), granulocytic anaplasmosis, canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, and hepatozoonosis (Christova et al 2003;Petrovec et al 2003;Dhamo et al 2006;Hamel et al 2008;Lazri et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Albania

Xhaxhiu

Kusi²,

Rapti

et al. 2009

Parasitol Res

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One hundred eighty-one dogs and 26 short-hair cats from suburban areas around Tirana, Albania were examined for ectoparasite infestation. The dogs were examined on several occasions from 2005 through 2009 representing three seasons: winter (December-February), spring (March-May), and summer (June-August); the cats were examined in late autumn (November). In addition, deep ear swab specimens of 30 dogs were examined for ear mites. The arthropod ectoparasite fauna of the dogs included two tick species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus), three mite species (Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis, Otodectes cynotis, and Demodex canis), three flea species (Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, and Pulex irritans), and one louse species (Trichodectes canis). In the dogs, rates of infestation were 23.8% for R. sanguineus, 0.6% for I. ricinus, 4.4% for S. scabiei var. canis, 6.7% for O. cynotis, 0.6% for D. canis, 75.7% for C. canis, 5.0% for C. felis, 8.3% for P. irritans, and 6.6% for T. canis. Mixed infestation with two or three species of ectoparasites was recorded on 38.1% of the dogs. Fleas infested 75.7% dogs (geometric mean, 3.96; range, 1-80) and were observed in winter, spring, and summer with increasing prevalences of 64.3%, 75.9%, and 100%. Ticks parasitized 24.3% of the dogs (geometric mean, 0.41; range, 1-331). R. sanguineus ticks were recorded on 34.2% and 50% of the dogs examined in spring and summer, respectively, but were absent on the dogs during winter except for a single I. ricinus specimen observed. Prevalence of infestation with R. sanguineus, S. scabiei var. canis, C. felis, P. irritans, and T. canis did not differ between dogs< or = 6 months and dogs > 6 months of age; however, prevalence of infestation with C. canis was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in dogs > 6 months old. There was no difference between the sexes for the prevalences of infestation with those parasites. The examination of the cats revealed infestation with only one species of ectoparasite, C. felis (prevalence, 100%; geometric mean, 2.5; range, 1-9).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Albania

Xhaxhiu

Kusi²,

Rapti

et al. 2009

Parasitol Res

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“…The presence of A. phagocytophilum in roe deer has been demonstrated in Slovakia ( 12 ), Germany ( 13 ), the Czech Republic, and Austria ( 14 ). These data indicate that roe deer may act as reservoirs for A. phagocytophilum in Israel.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Evidence forAnaplasma phagocytophilumin Israel

Keysary

Massung

Inbar

et al. 2007

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…A. phagocytophilum strains carrying one variant of the protein may The presence of different strains of A. phagocytophilum in ticks or wild animals considered to be reservoirs of the bacterium has been confirmed many times by independent researchers. Multiple analyses of blood DNA samples from dogs, sheep, calves, goats and ticks of the Ixodes genus, a vector for Anaplasma, have revealed the presence of two different bacterial strains (von Loewenich et al, 2003;Petrovec et al, 2003;Shukla et al, 2007;Rymaszewska, 2008;Smrdel et al, 2010;Katargina et al, 2011).…”

Section: Variability Of the Groesl Operon And Pathogenicity Of A Phamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes, primer HS45 is utilized instead of HSVR and the obtained product is shorter (for A. phagocytophilum -480 bp). The proposed primer pairs are characterized by high sensitivity and are applied in the detection of Anaplasma DNA (Petrovec et al, 1999(Petrovec et al, , 2002(Petrovec et al, , 2003Chae et al, 2000;Lotric-Furlan et al, 2001;von Loewenich et al, 2003;Shukla et al, 2007;Rymaszewska, 2008;Smrdel et al, 2010;Katargina et al, 2011).…”

Section: Variability Of the Groesl Operon And Pathogenicity Of A Phamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to detect bacterial DNA, primer pairs for a single-step reaction such as the PER1/PER2 set (Goodman et al, 1996;Massung et al, 2007), or EHR521 paired with EHR747 or EHR790 (Warner and Dawson, 1996;Petrovec et al, 1999Petrovec et al, , 2003Stefancikova et al, 2008), are sometimes utilised to amplify a smaller fragment.…”

Section: A Phagocytophilum 16s Rrna Gene Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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PCR for detection of tick-borne Anaplasma phagocytophilum pathogens: a review

Rymaszewska¹

2011

Vet. Med.

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Tick-borne infections such as granulocytic anaplasmosis number among emerging infectious diseases. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite infecting the granulocytes of vertebrates. This bacterium is the aetiologic agent of HGA (human granulocytic anaplasmosis). Molecular methods allow quick and accurate detection of pathogens in ticks, humans, or animals. Monitoring of the environment for A. phagocytophilum involves both classical and nested PCR, since these simple methods are most efficient. As markers, parts of the 16S rRNA, ankA, groESL, msp2, or msp4 genes are used for analyses. Molecular methods have enabled analysis of the genomes of pathogens, differentiation between strains and thus, in association with ecological studies, they facilitate an understanding of their biology, pathogenicity and mode of diffusion in the natural environment.

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Domestic Animals as Indicators of Anaplasma Species Infections in Northern Albania

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Albania

Ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Albania

Molecular Evidence forAnaplasma phagocytophilumin Israel

PCR for detection of tick-borne Anaplasma phagocytophilum pathogens: a review

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