Domestic dog origin of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 infection in a rescued free‐ranging guiña ( Leopardus guigna) in Chile

Abstract

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 is one of the most important pathogens affecting both wild and domestic carnivores. Here, we reported the genetic characterization of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) strains from a rescued guiña (Leopardus guigna) and domestic dogs from Chile. Guiña strain was classified as CPV-2c, and phylogenetic analysis of the complete coding genome showed that the guiña CPV-2c strain shares a recent common ancestor with Chilean domestic dogs' strains. These viruses showed >99% identity and exhibited three changes in the NS1 protein (V596A, E661K and L582F). This is the first detection and genetic characterization of CPV-2c infection in guiña worldwide, and one of the few comparative studies that show the source of infection was domestic dogs. The current findings highlight the fact that guiña is a susceptible species to protoparvovirus infection and that domestic dogs represent an important threat to its conservation. The CPV-2 cross-species transmission between domestic dogs and guiña should be taken into account for protection programmes of this endangered species.

Trichinella in Wildlife in Chile With the First Record in Leopardus Guigna and Galictis Cuja

“…However, rodents have been recognized as hosts of T. spiralis mainly in the domestic environment in Chile [23,42]. This record is in accordance with the fact that guiñas have been frequently infected by micro-organisms spilled from free-range domestic animals [43,44]; and, although T. spiralis is not an important pathogen for the health of non-human animals, its presence in the güiña highlights the need of surveyance of pathogens in the rural-sylvatic interphase.…”

First record of Trichinella in Leopardus guigna (Carnivora, Felidae) and Galictis cuja (Carnivora, Mustelidae): new hosts in Chile

“…Rodents Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11601/fig- 2 have been recognized as hosts of T. spiralis, mainly in the domestic environment in Chile (Schenone et al, 1967;Schenone et al, 2002). This record is in accordance with the fact that güiñas have been frequently infected by pathogens from free-roaming domestic animals (Ortega et al, 2020;Sacristán et al, 2020); although T. spiralis is not an important pathogen for the health of non-human animals, its presence in the güiña highlights the need for pathogen surveillance in the rural-sylvatic interphase.…”

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Carnivore protoparvovirus‐1 infection in the wild felid Leopardus guigna in Chile

“…Free-ranging domestic dogs are abundant in rural Chile and are not usually subjected to any sanitary control or movement restriction, roaming freely in natural areas and therefore facilitating contact possibilities with domestic and wild species (Villatoro et al, 2016) and spreading of dog infectious agents. Another study (Ortega et al, 2020) found that dogs may be the most probable origin of infection with protoparvovirus in guignas. High environmental survival of protoparvovirus may allow the possibility of wildlife being in contact with the virus for several months, even in the absence of direct animal contact (Berthier et al, 2000).…”

“…High C t values (above 28) were obtained in most rt-PCR-positive animals, suggesting that in most cases viral loads were low and the infection was probably subclinical or recovered (latent). The guigna with the lowest C t value (25.67), and thus presumably the highest viral load, showed clinical signs consistent with an active infection and was infected by the CPV-2c subtype (Ortega et al, 2020), the most recently emerged CPV viral type, also identified as the most pathogenic one.…”