Domestic pigs experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit different disease outcomes

Niroula, Nirajan; Lim, Ze Long; Walker, Stewart; Huang, Yanyun; Gerdts, Volker; Zriba, Slim; Drever, Kylee; Chen, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.tube.2022.102167

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In pigs, using a high dose i.v. challenge model, induction of systemic IFN-y responses was similar in M. bovis versus Mtb infected pigs suggesting that the abundance of Th1 responses does not correlate with disease outcome (257,275). Strong Th1 responses also have been observed in miniature pigs aerogenically challenged with Mtb (260,265).…”

Section: Livestock Models For Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, Mtb can infect livestock, for instance cattle, but usually does not induce a comparable pathology. Especially under experimental conditions cattle, goats and pigs can eradicate Mtb (255)(256)(257). Therefore, livestock species may serve as a model for human TB to investigate pathology (e.g.…”

Section: Livestock Models For Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether M. bovis becomes latent during this time and can be reactivated like in humans is not well understood (274). Strikingly, experimental infection of pigs, goats and cattle with Mtb results in recovery of low bacterial numbers and Mtb-associated lesions from infected animals (255)(256)(257). These findings indicate that Mtb is attenuated in other species.…”

Section: Livestock Models For Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis

et al. 2023

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Respiratory infections cause tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amongst these diseases, tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which often affects the lung, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), stand out as major drivers of epidemics of global concern. Despite their unrelated etiology and distinct pathology, these infections affect the same vital organ and share immunopathogenesis traits and an imperative demand to model the diseases at their various progression stages and localizations. Due to the clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of both diseases experimental infections were pursued in a variety of animal models. We summarize mammalian models employed in TB and COVID-19 experimental investigations, highlighting the diversity of rodent models and species peculiarities for each infection. We discuss the utility of non-human primates for translational research and emphasize on the benefits of non-conventional experimental models such as livestock. We epitomize advances facilitated by animal models with regard to understanding disease pathophysiology and immune responses. Finally, we highlight research areas necessitating optimized models and advocate that research of pulmonary infectious diseases could benefit from cross-fertilization between studies of apparently unrelated diseases, such as TB and COVID-19.

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Section: Livestock Models For Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Livestock Models For Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Livestock Models For Tbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis

et al. 2023

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“…The Gram-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis spp. have also been recognized as zoonotic bacteria in multiple food animal species and their cases in swine production are sporadic and only region-specific (Arega et al, 2013;Tran et al, 2018;Ramos et al, 2020), while pathogenesis of these zoonotic bacteria in pigs has only been experimentally demonstrated (Niroula et al, 2022). Furthermore, the Gram-negative Lawsonia intracellularis (L. intracellularis) is responsible for the prevalent porcine enteric disease, i.e., porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), also known as ileitis, particularly in young pigs (Smith and Lawson, 2001;Winkelman et al, 2002;Karuppannan and Opriessnig, 2018;Jansen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics and β-Glucan as gut modifier feed additives in modulation of growth performance, protein utilization status and dry matter and lactose digestibility in weanling pigs

Hayhoe

Archbold²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Anim. Sci.

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There are growing interests in developing novel gut modifier feed additives and alternative therapeutics to replace antimicrobials to enhance efficiency of nutrient utilization and to address the antimicrobial resistance threat to public health facing the global pork production. Biological mechanisms of supplementing lactose for enhancing weanling pig growth and nitrogen utilization are unclear. Thus, this study was prompted to determine effects of dietary supplementation of 3 prebiotics and oat β-glucan vs. a sub-therapeutic antibiotic on growth performance, whole-body protein utilization status, the apparent total tract dry matter (DM) and lactose digestibility in weanling pigs fed corn and soybean meal (SBM)-based diets. Six experimental diets were formulated with corn (40%), SBM (28%) and supplemented with dried whey powder (20%) and fish meal (9%) with titanium oxide (0.30%) as the digestibility marker. Diet 1 (NC, negative control), as the basal diet, contained no antibiotics and no supplemental prebiotics or β-glucan. Diet 2 (PC, positive control), contained an antibiotic premix (Lincomix-44 at 0.10%) in the basal diet at the expense of cornstarch. Diets 3, 5 and 6 contained 0.75% of the three test prebiotics of retrograded cornstarch (Diet 3), Fibersol-2 (Diet 5, a modified digestion-resistant maltodextrin) and inulin (Diet 6), and the viscous soluble fiber oat β-glucan (Diet 4), respectively, at the expense of cornstarch. A total of 144 Yorkshire pigs, at the age of 21 days (d) and an average body weight (BW) of 5.5 kg, were allocated to 12 floor pens with 3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen, and fed one of the 6 diets for 21 d in 2 study blocks according to a completely randomized block design. Initial and final pig BW, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), representative pig plasma urea concentration as well as the apparent total tract DM and lactose digestibility during d 8-15 were measured. Analyses of variances, Dunnett’s and Tukey’s tests were conducted on the endpoints by using the SAS mixed model. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in ADG, ADFI, feed to gain ratio, plasma urea concentration, the apparent total tract apparent DM and lactose digestibility and the predicted whole-gut lactase digestive capacity among the diets, as examined by the Tukey’s test. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in these endpoints between each of the four treatment diets and the NC or the PC diet as examined by the Dunnett’s test. The total tract lactose digestibility was determined to be at 100%. The predicted whole-gut lactase digestive capacity was about eight times of the daily lactose intake when dietary lactose contents were supplemented at 10 - 12% (as-fed basis). In conclusion, dietary supplementation (at 0.75%) of the prebiotics and the oat β-glucan did not significantly affect the major growth performance endpoints, whole-body protein utilization status as well as the apparent total tract DM and lactose digestibility in the weanling pigs fed the corn and SBM-based diets. The promoting effect for growth and nitrogen utilization associated with dietary supplementation of lactose is due to the fact that lactose is a completely and rapidly digestible sugar rather than acting as an effective prebiotic in weanling pig nutrition.

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Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals

et al. 2022

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Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of infection can exist, driven by host–pathogen interactions. This results in the emergence of heterogeneous subpopulations of mycobacteria in different phenotypic states, which range from actively replicating (AR) cells to viable but slowly or non-replicating (VBNR), viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and dormant mycobacteria. The VBNR, VBNC, and dormant subpopulations are believed to underlie latent tuberculosis (LTB) in humans; however, it is unclear if a similar phenomenon could be happening in animals. This review discusses the evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding LTB in animals, and possible host–pathogen differences in the MTBC strains M. tuberculosis and M. bovis during infection. We further consider models that might be adapted from human TB research to investigate how the different phenotypic states of bacteria could influence TB stages in animals. In addition, we explore potential host biomarkers and mycobacterial changes in the DosR regulon, transcriptional sigma factors, and resuscitation-promoting factors that may influence the development of LTB.

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Domestic pigs experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit different disease outcomes

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis

Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis

Prebiotics and β-Glucan as gut modifier feed additives in modulation of growth performance, protein utilization status and dry matter and lactose digestibility in weanling pigs

Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals

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