“…Meanwhile, Social Capital Theory emphasises the significance of networks, relationships, and trust in accomplishing collective action and community development (Swanson et al, 2020). In slum communities, social capital plays a crucial role as a valuable resource, especially since the needs of people are often neglected by official structures (Choirul Saleh et al, 2023;Mindarti et al, 2021). In Singapore, during the initial years of independence, the government utilised social capital to address slum redevelopment by actively engaging communities in the planning and executing housing projects (Dobbs & Loh, 2023;Forsyth, 2014).…”