Domestic Violence and Children: Prevalence and Risk in Five Major U.S. Cities

Fantuzzo, John W.; Boruch, Robert F.; Beriama, Abdullahi; Atkins, Marc S.; Marcus, Steven M.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199701000-00025

Cited by 310 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thus, exposure to violence between parents, which probably begins when a child is young (Fantuzzo et al, 1997), seems to pose the greatest independent risk for being the victim of any act of partner violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on the relative timing of childhood maltreatment, exposure to violence between parents, and power assertive punishment is sparse. The prevalence of exposure to domestic violence is higher in young children than in adolescents (Fantuzzo, Boruch, Beriama, Atkins, & Marcus, 1997), and the prevalence of partner violence decreases with age (U.S. Department of Justice, 1995). Thus, one might safely presume that exposure to violence between parents would tend to begin earlier in development and decrease in prevalence in adolescence.…”

Section: Testing a Developmental Model Of Partner Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.

Ehrensaft¹,

Cohen²,

Brown³

et al. 2003

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

901

730

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An unselected sample of 543 children was followed over 20 years to test the independent effects of parenting, exposure to domestic violence between parents (ETDV), maltreatment, adolescent disruptive behavior disorders, and emerging adult substance abuse disorders (SUDs) on the risk of violence to and from an adult partner. Conduct disorder (CD) was the strongest risk for perpetrating partner violence for both sexes, followed by ETDV, and power assertive punishment. The effect of child abuse was attributable to these 3 risks. ETDV conferred the greatest risk of receiving partner violence; CD increased the odds of receiving partner violence but did not mediate this effect. Child physical abuse and CD in adolescence were strong independent risks for injury to a partner. SUD mediated the effect of adolescent CD on injury to a partner but not on injury by a partner. Prevention implications are highlighted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing a Developmental Model Of Partner Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.

Ehrensaft¹,

Cohen²,

Brown³

et al. 2003

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

901

730

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Because witnessing domestic violence can terrorize children and significantly disrupt child socialization, many researchers have begun to consider exposure to domestic violence to be a form of psychological maltreatment (McGee & Wolfe, 1991;Peled & Davis, 1995;Somer & Braunstein, 1999). The focus on child witnesses is important because, relative to the general population, families with documented incidents of domestic violence have a significantly higher number of children in the home, especially children younger than age 5 (Fantuzzo et al, 1997). Other research suggests that physical violence is highest early in the marital relationship, when children are likely to be young .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other research suggests that physical violence is highest early in the marital relationship, when children are likely to be young . Although many parents report trying to shelter their children from marital violence, research suggests that children in violent homes commonly see, hear, and intervene in episodes of marital violence (Fantuzzo et al, 1997;Holden & Ritchie, 1991;Rosenberg, 1987).The past 20 years have seen a flurry of research on child witnesses to domestic violence, and numerous qualitative reviews of this research have concluded that children's exposure to marital violence is associated with a wide range of psychological, emotional, behavioral, social, and academic problems (e.g., Fantuzzo & Lindquist, 1989;Jaffe, Wolfe, & Wilson, 1990;Kolbo, Blakely, & Engleman, 1996;Margolin & Gordis, 2000;Wolak & Finkelhor, 1998). At this point, there are several benefits to integrating these results using quantitative, meta-analytic procedures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child witnesses to domestic violence: A meta-analytic review.

Kitzmann

Gaylord

Holt

et al. 2003

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

1,233

921

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This meta-analysis examined 118 studies of the psychosocial outcomes of children exposed to interparental violence. Correlational studies showed a significant association between exposure and child problems (d ϭ Ϫ0.29). Group comparison studies showed that witnesses had significantly worse outcomes relative to nonwitnesses (d ϭ Ϫ0.40) and children from verbally aggressive homes (d ϭ Ϫ0.28), but witnesses' outcomes were not significantly different from those of physically abused children (d ϭ 0.15) or physically abused witnesses (d ϭ 0.13). Several methodological variables moderated these results. Similar effects were found across a range of outcomes, with slight evidence for greater risk among preschoolers. Recommendations for future research are made, taking into account practical and theoretical issues in this area.In the past several decades, researchers, clinicians, and policymakers have expressed increasing concern that children who witness marital violence may suffer negative consequences even when they are not themselves the target of violence (Osofsky, 1995). However, research on children who witness marital violence is much less extensive than research on children who are the direct victims of physical abuse (Fantuzzo, Boruch, Beriama, Atkins, & Marcus, 1997). Case studies of child witnesses first appeared in the 1970s, with the first empirical studies conducted in the 1980s. Because witnessing domestic violence can terrorize children and significantly disrupt child socialization, many researchers have begun to consider exposure to domestic violence to be a form of psychological maltreatment (McGee & Wolfe, 1991;Peled & Davis, 1995;Somer & Braunstein, 1999).The focus on child witnesses is important because, relative to the general population, families with documented incidents of domestic violence have a significantly higher number of children in the home, especially children younger than age 5 (Fantuzzo et al., 1997). Other research suggests that physical violence is highest early in the marital relationship, when children are likely to be young . Although many parents report trying to shelter their children from marital violence, research suggests that children in violent homes commonly see, hear, and intervene in episodes of marital violence (Fantuzzo et al., 1997;Holden & Ritchie, 1991;Rosenberg, 1987).The past 20 years have seen a flurry of research on child witnesses to domestic violence, and numerous qualitative reviews of this research have concluded that children's exposure to marital violence is associated with a wide range of psychological, emotional, behavioral, social, and academic problems (e.g., Fantuzzo & Lindquist, 1989;Jaffe, Wolfe, & Wilson, 1990;Kolbo, Blakely, & Engleman, 1996;Margolin & Gordis, 2000;Wolak & Finkelhor, 1998). At this point, there are several benefits to integrating these results using quantitative, meta-analytic procedures. First, although two influential meta-analyses have been conducted on the effects of interparental conflict (Buehler et al., 1997) and marital di...

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“…In addition, the researchers estimated that 39% of the children witnessed between 80% and 100% of the violence that occurred. Young children are especially at risk for witnessing parental violence (Fantuzzo et al, 1997;McDonald et al, 2007). Because we measured violence at ages 3-8, a time when children are especially dependent on their caregivers, it is likely that they were exposed to a large percentage of the violence that occurred.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping Expectancies, Not Enhancement Expectancies, Mediate Trauma Experience Effects on Problem Alcohol Use: A Prospective Study From Early Childhood to Adolescence

Jester

Steinberg

Heitzeg

et al. 2015

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:The relationship between experiencing trauma and increased alcohol consumption has been well established. Exposure to childhood trauma has been linked to both early onset of drinking and problematic substance use. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. The results of early work suggested that drinking to relieve negative affect (i.e., drinking to cope) was driving this connection. However, the findings of more recent work suggest that drinking might be used to enhance positive affect as a way of addressing the aftereffects of early trauma. The current study looked at these two drinking expectancies as indirect pathways between the experience in early childhood of living in a home with parental violence and peak alcohol use in emerging adulthood. Method: Participants were 1,064 children and their parents involved in a longitudinal community study of children at high risk for the development of alcoholism and a community contrast group of those at lower risk. Baseline assessment was at age 3-5 years, self-reports of internalizing behavior and drinking expectancies were obtained at age 12-14, and drinking measures were assessed at age 18-20. Results: Results indicated that coping expectancy was a mediator of the relationship between early childhood trauma and later peak alcohol use, whereas enhancement expectancy was not. Conclusions: Children living in homes with parental violence were more likely to develop ineffective coping strategies, such as using alcohol to decrease negative affect. These results support the self-medication theory. They also demonstrate the long-term effects of early life experience on drinking behavior in early adulthood. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 76, 781-789, 2015)

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Domestic Violence and Children: Prevalence and Risk in Five Major U.S. Cities

Cited by 310 publications

References 15 publications

Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.

Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20-year prospective study.

Child witnesses to domestic violence: A meta-analytic review.

Coping Expectancies, Not Enhancement Expectancies, Mediate Trauma Experience Effects on Problem Alcohol Use: A Prospective Study From Early Childhood to Adolescence

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