Domesticated Nature: Shaping Landscapes and Ecosystems for Human Welfare

Kareiva, Peter; Watts, Sean; McDonald, Robert I.; Boucher, Tim

doi:10.1126/science.1140170

Cited by 789 publications

(464 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…England also has no wilderness regions (sensu Sanderson et al 2002). It is thus a good example of the type of 'domesticated nature' (Kareiva et al 2007) that will increasingly describe locations where much of the world's population lives. In addition, England represents a good test of the effectiveness of different types of conservation strategies in delivering ecosystem services because protected areas, restrictive zoning and incentive payment schemes are all well developed, covering over 35 per cent of the total terrestrial area (130 439 km 2 ) (figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scott et al 2001;Loucks et al 2008), and consequently will receive only some benefits from many of the ecosystem services delivered by such areas. Indeed, an increasing number of regions are so densely populated that they entirely lack extensive wilderness areas, including parts of the eastern seaboard of the USA, southeast Asia, western Europe, the Atlantic forests of Brazil and large parts of India (Kareiva et al 2007). The need to protect ecosystem services within human-dominated landscapes has been recognized by practitioners; a recent survey showed that conservation projects that focus on ecosystem service provision in addition to biodiversity protection are more likely to be found in agricultural landscapes than those that focus on biodiversity conservation alone (Goldman et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecosystem service benefits of contrasting conservation strategies in a human-dominated region

et al. 2009

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The hope among policy-makers and scientists alike is that conservation strategies designed to protect biodiversity also provide direct benefits to people by protecting other vital ecosystem services. The few studies that have examined the delivery of ecosystem services by existing conservation efforts have concentrated on large, 'wilderness'-style biodiversity reserves. However, such reserves are not realistic options for densely populated regions. Here, we provide the first analyses that compare representation of biodiversity and three other ecosystem services across several contrasting conservation strategies in a human-dominated landscape (England). We show that small protected areas and protected landscapes (restrictive zoning) deliver high carbon storage and biodiversity, while existing incentive payment (agri-environment) schemes target areas that offer little advantage over other parts of England in terms of biodiversity, carbon storage and agricultural production. A fourth ecosystem service-recreation-is under-represented by all three strategies. Our findings are encouraging as they illustrate that restrictive zoning can play a major role in protecting natural capital assets in densely populated regions. However, trade-offs exist even among the four ecosystem services we considered, suggesting that a portfolio of conservation and sustainability investments will be needed to deliver both biodiversity and the other ecosystem services demanded by society.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem service benefits of contrasting conservation strategies in a human-dominated region

et al. 2009

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“…However, little attention has been paid to hydrographic change at broader spatial scales, where distinct patterns and processes may emerge (Heffernan and others 2014;Thorp 2014). A broader assessment of how urbanization changes the channel and water body abundance, distribution, and form (hydrography) in cities is essential to understanding both the environmental constraints on land-use change (Dunne and Leopold 1978) and the environmental and societal consequences of rapid and ongoing urbanization of human populations and landscapes (Paul and Meyer 2001;Cohen 2003;Foley and others 2005;Kareiva 2007;Grimm and others 2008a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Surface Water Distributions in U.S. Cities

et al. 2014

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Earth's surface is rapidly urbanizing, resulting in dramatic changes in the abundance, distribution and character of surface water features in urban landscapes. However, the scope and consequences of surface water redistribution at broad spatial scales are not well understood. We hypothesized that urbanization would lead to convergent surface water abundance and distribution: in other words, cities will gain or lose water such that they become more similar to each other than are their surrounding natural landscapes. Using a database of more than 1 million water bodies and 1 million km of streams, we compared the surface water of 100 US cities with their surrounding undeveloped land. We evaluated differences in areal (A WB ) and numeric densities (N WB ) of water bodies (lakes, wetlands, and so on), the morphological characteristics of water bodies (size), and the density (D C ) of surface flow channels (that is, streams and rivers). The variance of urban A WB , N WB , and D C across the 100 MSAs decreased, by 89, 25, and 71%, respectively, compared to undeveloped land. These data show that many cities are surface water poor relative to undeveloped land; however, in drier landscapes urbanization increases the occurrence of surface water. This convergence pattern strengthened with development intensity, such that high intensity urban development had an areal water body density 98% less than undeveloped lands. Urbanization appears to drive the convergence of

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“…However, almost all of the studies in this topic have used an individual-function perspective to examine the relationship between biodiversity and a certain ecosystem function. In fact, most ecosystems are maintained and valued by a series of ecosystem functions and services (Kareiva et al 2007;Srivastava and Vellend 2005). The use of an individual function as proxy for overall ecosystem functions may ignore other important functions and underestimate the potential risk of biodiversity loss in influencing the overall ecosystem functions (Gamfeldt et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Linking soil bacterial diversity to ecosystem multifunctionality using backward-elimination boosted trees analysis

et al. 2009

J Soils Sediments

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Background, aim, and scope There is increasing evidence of linkages between biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Recent interests on this topic have expanded from an individual-function perspective to a multifunction perspective. This study aims to explore the soil bacterial diversitymultifunctionality relationship. Materials and methods Soil bacterial diversity was determined using culture-independent molecular techniques. Bacterial taxa groups with positive effects on certain ecosystem functions were identified by aggregated boosted tree analysis with a prediction-error-based backward-elimination criterion. Soil bacterial diversitymultifunctionality relationship was examined by exploring the relationship between the number of ecosystem functions and the number of soil bacterial taxa. Results More ecosystem functions would require greater numbers of bacterial taxa, which can be explained potentially using the multifunctional complementarity mechanism. Furthermore, a power law equation, OTU N =OTU 1 (N) T , was firstly proposed to describe the observed positive relationship between the soil bacterial diversity and the ecosystem multifunctionality, where OTU N is the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) required by N functions, while OTU 1 is the average number of species required for one function, and T is the average turnover rate of OTU across functions. Conclusions The number of ecosystem functions would decrease with the loss of soil bacterial diversity. This biodiversity-multifunctionality relationship has an important implication for comprehensively understanding the risk of bacterial diversity loss in relation to the ecosystem functions.

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Domesticated Nature: Shaping Landscapes and Ecosystems for Human Welfare

Cited by 789 publications

References 30 publications

Ecosystem service benefits of contrasting conservation strategies in a human-dominated region

Ecosystem service benefits of contrasting conservation strategies in a human-dominated region

Convergent Surface Water Distributions in U.S. Cities

Linking soil bacterial diversity to ecosystem multifunctionality using backward-elimination boosted trees analysis

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