Domestication of Plants in the Old World

Zohary, Daniel; Hopf, María; Weiss, Ehud

doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199549061.001.0001

Cited by 1,804 publications

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“…Wheat is one of the founder crops of Old World agriculture (Zohary and Hopf 2000). Grown on 216.8 million ha in the temperate, Mediterranean-type and subtropical parts of the two hemispheres (FAO-STAT 2011), wheat is currently the crop most extensively cultivated in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The climate of the zone of origin of Mediterranean durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) landraces affects their agronomic performance

Royo

Nazco

Villegas

2014

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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The genetic diversity of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is held by landraces, which are generally considered to be endemic to a particular region to which they are well adapted. To evaluate the effect of climate in the countries of origin on their agronomic performance, 172 durum wheat landraces from 21 Mediterranean countries were grown in northeastern Spain. Average long-term climatic data of the main wheat-growing areas in each country of origin allowed us to identify four climatic zones in the Mediterranean Basin, steadily varying from warm and dry to cool and wet. The phenology, biomass, and yield of landraces were affected by the climatic zone of origin. The climatic zone accounted for 32.8, 28.3 and 14.5 % of variance for days to anthesis, plant height, and grain filling rate, respectively. The number of days to heading and anthesis steadily increased when moving from the warmest and driest zone of origin to the coldest and wettest one. Landraces collected in the warmest and driest zone had a smaller biomass, a lower chlorophyll content in the flag leaf, more fertile tillers, spikes and grains m -2 , a lower grain filling rate, lighter grains, and lower yields than those originated in colder and wetter zones. Landraces collected in countries with high solar radiation showed a shorter cycle until anthesis and smaller height and biomass accumulation, while higher temperatures after anthesis resulted in more tillers and spikes. Landraces from countries with high potential evapotranspiration during grain filling had significantly lower grain filling rates and grain weight.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The climate of the zone of origin of Mediterranean durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) landraces affects their agronomic performance

Royo

Nazco

Villegas

2014

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…They were examined under a stereoscopic microscope and compared against various identification atlases (Zohary and Hopf, 1993;Cappers et al, 2006) and the reference collection. The materials were not charred, which made them easier to identify, as they had undergone less alteration and this allowed us to assess aspects such as their consumption or the possibility that some of them might have been digested.…”

Section: Seeds and Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the identification of a new taphonomic agent: An analysis of bone accumulations obtained from modern Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) nests

Serra¹,

Margalef

Morales-Pérez

et al. 2014

Quaternary International

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tThis paper presents the results of a study of bones recovered in various current Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) nests in a Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula. The Egyptian vulture, a diurnal, scavenging, rupicolous bird of prey, is one of four vulture species that currently inhabit the Iberian Peninsula. An analysis of the remains found in the nests confirms that it has a heterogeneous diet that includes remains from human activities (butchery and food production) and the carcasses of dead animals, although it is possible that they also prey on small-sized taxa. The taphonomic study determines these birds' capability of transporting, accumulating and altering bone remains. Some of the elements show marks caused by beak and/or claw impacts brought about primarily during feeding, which have characteristic typologies. Despite the fact that this is not a bone-eating vulture, it can also be seen that some bones are swallowed. The characteristics of the bone set studied here are important for establishing the origin of bone accumulations on archaeological sites.

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“…The origins and spread of domesticated grains have been traced to the Fertile Crescent spreading from Mesopotamia (the cradle of civilisation) (9)(10)(11)(12) . It would appear that such food use reached the Middle East before the Greek Islands.…”

Section: Grainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Middle Eastern and biblical origins of the Mediterranean diet

Berry

Arnoni

Aviram³

2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To place the Mediterranean diet (MedDi) in the context of the cultural history of the Middle East and emphasise the health effects of some of the biblical seven species -wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives and date honey. Design: Review of the literature concerning the benefits of these foods. Setting: Middle East and Mediterranean Basin. Subjects: Mediterranean populations and clinical studies utilising the MedDi. Results and conclusions: The MedDi has been associated with lower rates of CVD, and epidemiological evidence promotes the benefits of consuming fruit and vegetables. Recommended foods for optimal health include whole grain, fish, wine, pomegranates, figs, walnuts and extra virgin olive oil. The biblical traditional diet, including the seven species and additional Mediterranean fruits, has great health advantages, especially for CVD. In addition to the diet, lifestyle adaptation that involves increasing physical activity and organised meals, together with healthy food choices, is consistent with the traditional MedDi. The MedDi is a manageable, lifestyle-friendly diet that, when fortified with its biblical antecedent attributes, may prove to be even more enjoyable and considerably healthier in combating the obesogenic environment and in decreasing the risks of the non-communicable diseases of modern life than conventional, modern dietary recommendations. The biblical seven species, together with other indigenous foods from the Middle East, are now scientifically recognised as healthy foods, and further improve the many beneficial effects of the MedDi.

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Domestication of Plants in the Old World

Cited by 1,804 publications

References 0 publications

The climate of the zone of origin of Mediterranean durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) landraces affects their agronomic performance

The climate of the zone of origin of Mediterranean durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) landraces affects their agronomic performance

Towards the identification of a new taphonomic agent: An analysis of bone accumulations obtained from modern Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) nests

The Middle Eastern and biblical origins of the Mediterranean diet

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