“…Recent work in AI explores methods for the automatic detection of other types of pragmatic variation in text and conversation, such as emotion (Oudeyer, 2002;Liscombe, Venditti, & Hirschberg, 2003), deception (Newman, Pennebaker, Berry, & Richards, 2003;Enos, Benus, Cautin, Graciarena, Hirschberg, & Shriberg, 2006;Graciarena, Shriberg, Stolcke, Enos, Hirschberg, & Kajarekar, 2006;Hirschberg, Benus, Brenier, Enos, Friedman, Gilman, Girand, Graciarena, Kathol, Michaelis, Pellom, Shriberg, & Stolcke, 2005), speaker charisma (Rosenberg & Hirschberg, 2005), mood (Mishne, 2005), dominance in meetings (Rienks & Heylen, 2006), point of view or subjectivity (Wilson, Wiebe, & Hwa, 2004;Wiebe, Wilson, Bruce, Bell, & Martin, 2004;Wiebe & Riloff, 2005;Stoyanov, Cardie, & Wiebe, 2005;Somasundaran, Ruppenhofer, & Wiebe, 2007), and sentiment or opinion (Turney, 2002;Pang & Lee, 2005;Popescu & Etzioni, 2005;Breck, Choi, & Cardie, 2007). In contrast with these pragmatic phenomena, which may be relatively contextualised or short-lived, personality is usually considered to be a longer term, more stable, aspect of individuals (Scherer, 2003).…”