Dominant thermogravimetric signatures of lignin in cashew shell as compared to cashew shell cake

Benefits of weakening in thermogravimetric signals of hemicellulose and lignin for producing briquettes from soybean crop residue

“…Activation energies for few apoints were not computed as shown in Table 3. The E-values obtained in present studies (Table 3) were in consonance with the Evalues of lignocellulosic biomaterials as given by White et al [26], Gangil [4,5,30,31,43,44] and Tsamba et al [45]. Fig.…”

“…Gangil / Energy xxx (2015) 1e9 5 enhance in SB which was explained using the activation energy analysis later in this writing. Gangil [4,5,30] stated that in case of stresses, either due to pressure or temperature or both, on the lignocellulosic biomaterials, the lignin in biomaterial first relaxed, then melted during stresses, and finally solidified in final-product (i.e., briquettes in present discussion). This article considered that the solidification of melted lignin was the one of the probable major causes of thermal stability in SB.…”

“…During the TG-studies on plastic polymers and on specific biocomponents (like xylan, cellulose and lignin in extracted or separated or refined form), normally R 2 is taken as >0.9 for isoconversional kinetics. In case of biomaterials where one kind of biopolymeric molecules make complex linkages with other kind of molecules, the R 2 was taken as >0.8 considering the complexity in internal molecular networking during thermal degradation of biomaterials [4,5,30]. Activation energies for few apoints were not computed as shown in Table 3.…”

“…This method is standardized in USA (ASTME 1641-98 and ASTME 698-79) [24]. The T max for the each lumps or peaks can be obtained at different b and the plot between ln(b/ T 2 max ) versus 1/T max can be drawn to obtain the kinetics parameters using the Kissinger Equation (12) as described below [24,26,27,29,30];…”

Thermogravimetric Evidence for Better Thermal Stability in Char Produced Under Unconfined Conditions

“…For lignocellulosic materials, such as cashew shell and cashew shell cake, Gangil (2014) stated the thermogravimetric signatures for surface cashew-nut-shell liquid and moisture (at 132°C), hemicellulose (at 237-238°C), cellulose (two peaks nearly at 298°C and 335°C), and lignin (at 418°C and 446°C). The results of Gangil (2014) showed that thermogravimetric signals of moisture may exist in lignocellulosic material above 100°C but well below 200-220°C. The thermogravimetric region for removal of internal moisture in biomaterials was also reported < 220°C by Vasile et al (2011).…”