Don’t shoot! Black mobilities in American gunscapes

Nicholson, Judith A.

doi:10.1080/17450101.2016.1211823

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…One participant, Marcus, spoke to the national epidemic of police on Black violence as a barrier to feeling safe in Portland. His experiences agree with studies that show how racial violence controls Black men's mobilities (Nicholson 2016).…”

Section: Summary Of Major Findingssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In 2016 alone, police shot and killed 308 African Americans, and are three times more likely to be killed by police than whites (MappingPoliceViolence.org). Marcus' experiences support studies that show how Black men's mobility patterns are altered by 'gunscapes', or police presence and fear of being pulled over while driving (Nicholson 2016 If I am very honest, there's a small part of me that underneath, doesn't want to be a spectacle either. I want it to be normal.…”

Section: Racialized Fear Of Public Spacesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…For example, Black men's mobility patterns are altered in unique ways by police presence and a higher rate of being pulled over by a police officer for Driving While Black. (Nicholson 2016) The literature points out that avoidance behaviors restrict women's mobilities (May et al 2009), May et al find further evidence of the gendered differences predicting threat of victimization (2009). In their case, women's threat of victimization is affected by a rationality of avoiding specific areas (that they feel they could be victimized in) and engaging in defensive behaviors to protect themselves (May et al 2009).…”

Section: Fear and Threat Of Victimization In Public Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the complexity of masculinity and the oppression of Blackness in the U.S., African American men face unique complexities in their mobilities. As established with issues of police and gun violence, Black men must fear possible police brutality and violence in their mobilization choices beyond only "Driving while Black" (Nicholson 2016). Black men have apprehensions in feeling safe in public space, but constructions of hegemonic masculinity make their choices even more complicated.…”

Section: Poc's Invisibility and Underrepresentation In Images And Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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"Are We Building Biking Solidarity:" Gendered, Racial, and Spatial Barriers to Bicycling in Portland, Oregon

Tompkins

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Although Portland, Oregon is widely regarded as a "bike friendly" city, its bike equity remains in question. This thesis explores the barriers to biking that women and people of color face in Portland. This research uses feminist geography scholarship to understand how cycling spaces are unequal for marginalized cyclists. Using data from 28 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with infrequent and marginalized cyclists, I found that gender and race inequalities shape their barriers to biking. A hegemonic white, elite, and masculine bike culture controls the domination of cycling spaces. Women's gendered spatial inequalities are shaped by their childrearing demands, geography of fear, and street harassment. Cyclists of color experience a fear of public space due to racial profiling and police violence, and racial spatial inequalities are shaped by Portland's historic and racist city planning that gentrifies and displaces residents of color. Furthermore, intersectional inequalities of gender, race, and class, emerge and illustrate how cycling spaces are built to be unequal. These findings suggest that spatial inequalities in the urban landscape are pervasive in multiple spaces such as bike lanes, and that more research and policy is needed to increase ridership among women and people of color.

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Section: Summary Of Major Findingssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Racialized Fear Of Public Spacesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Fear and Threat Of Victimization In Public Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poc's Invisibility and Underrepresentation In Images And Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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"Are We Building Biking Solidarity:" Gendered, Racial, and Spatial Barriers to Bicycling in Portland, Oregon

Tompkins

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“…This situation is beginning to change-especially in the wake of Michael Brown's fatal shooting in August 2014 and the growing capture of police violence on camera, itself the object of police scrutiny (Wall & Linnemann, 2014). For example, there is now a small, but vibrant and critical, literature in geography on the militarization of police in response to racialized social protest (Radil, Dezzani, & McAden, 2017)guns and cameras as core technologies that police routinely deploy to "frame" (immobilize, target) non-White bodies and specifically non-White automobilities (Nicholson, 2016), the collection and use of police "crime" data that both racialize and criminalize peoples and places (Jefferson, 2017(Jefferson, , 2018Kaufman, 2016), and among other topics, the centrality of racialized violence to police power (Hamilton & Foote, 2018). Derickson's work on the intersection of policing, race, and neoliberal urbanism stands out for us in this emerging literature.…”

Section: Studying the Police And Racial Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the “Gold Standard” of Racial Profiling: §287(g), Secure Communities and Racially Discrepant Police Power

Coleman

Kocher

2019

American Behavioral Scientist

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In this article, we explore methodological difficulties related to proving racial profiling, specifically in the context of §287(g) and Secure Communities enforcement. How it is that critical immigration researchers understand racial profiling as the object of their research, and how might they go about substantiating racial profiling in the field? Can racial profiling be made a straightforward object of problematization and, if not, why? We are particularly interested in how racial profiling can be so self-evidently at the core of programs like §287(g) and Secure Communities and yet how racialized law enforcement decisions and tactics are so often inscrutable—and difficult to prove—in the context of routine police work. Building on original fieldwork findings and data on roadblocks by §287(g) and Secure Communities agencies in central North Carolina, we dissect the differences between racially discrepant police work and racial profiling, and argue that chasing the “gold standard” of racial profiling risks leaving racially discrepant policing on the table as an apparently unproblematic, and perhaps even defensible, outcome of policing. As such, we argue that critical scholars should leave aside the problem of proving racial profiling and instead refocus on the problem of racially discrepant policing.

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The Displaced

Höglund

2024

New Comparisons in World Literature

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This chapter discusses the question of climate migration and reads a series of texts that follow climate refugees as they cross, or are prevented from crossing, heavily guarded US national or state borders. The chapter shows how some American Climate Emergency Narratives employ allegory to cast the racialized climate refugee as a border-scaling monster, but it also reveals how even texts that seek to critique the racist ideology that informs extractive capitalist border-thinking focus on the future plights of the white majority.

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Don’t shoot! Black mobilities in American gunscapes

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

"Are We Building Biking Solidarity:" Gendered, Racial, and Spatial Barriers to Bicycling in Portland, Oregon

"Are We Building Biking Solidarity:" Gendered, Racial, and Spatial Barriers to Bicycling in Portland, Oregon

Rethinking the “Gold Standard” of Racial Profiling: §287(g), Secure Communities and Racially Discrepant Police Power

The Displaced

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