Don't underestimate the death rate from Chernobyl

Mousseau, Timothy A.; Nelson, N.S.; Шестопалов, В.М.

doi:10.1038/4371089a

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In the historical events that occurred in Fukushima and Chernobyl, people were exposed to radiation levels >2 Gray (Gy) (Davis 2012;Omar-Nazir et al 2018) and developed ARS (Shimura et al 2015). Reports indicated 9335 deaths linked to acute radiation exposure occurred in Chernobyl (Mousseau et al 2005;Davis 2012;Omar-Nazir et al 2018). Evidence has made it clear that the vascular system in the brain, mucosal cell lining of the gastrointestinal tract, and hematopoietic system of humans were most affected by high levels of radiation and so these are considered as the main organs affected during ARS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KMRC011, an agonist of toll-like receptor 5, mitigates irradiation-induced tissue damage and mortality in cynomolgus monkeys

Lee

Cho

Han

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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In the study here, the potential applicability of KMRC011-an agonist of toll-like receptor-5as a countermeasure for radiation toxicities was evaluated. Following a single 5.5 Gy total body irradiation (TBI, surface absorbed dose ¼ 7 Gy) of Co 60 c-rays, mortality rates and degrees of pathological lesions that developed over 80 days were compared in monkeys that received TBI only and a group that was injected once with KMRC011 (10 lg/kg) after TBI. Compared to the TBI-only hosts (80%), the death rate was significantly improved by the use of KMRC011 (40%), all deaths in both groups occurred in the period from Days 19-24 post-TBI. Further analysis of monkeys that survived until the end of the experiment showed that AST and ALT levels were elevated only in the TBI group, and that radiation-induced tissue damage was alleviated by the KMRC011 injection. Additionally, expression of cell death-related proteins was lower in tissues from the KMRC011-treated hosts than in those in the TBI-only group. Other measured parameters, including body weight, food uptake, and hematological values did not significantly differ between the two groups over the entire period. The results of this study, thus demonstrate that KMRC011 could potentially be used as a medical countermeasure for the treatment of acute radiation exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KMRC011, an agonist of toll-like receptor 5, mitigates irradiation-induced tissue damage and mortality in cynomolgus monkeys

Lee

Cho

Han

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Whole-body dose estimates vary considerably, and range from negligible amounts above background levels to upwards of 20 Gray (Gy) (especially with the first responders). Estimates, in terms of the ultimate death toll, vary a great deal and are controversial; however, anywhere between 4,000 and 10,000 deaths might ultimately be attributed to the Chernobyl disaster (Mousseau et al, 2005, Stephan, 2005). Perhaps the best lesson learned here was that there were no established guidelines or procedures for emergency personnel when they handle radiological disasters on such a large scale, including biological assays and physical dosimetry (Chumak, 2007).…”

Section: Human Exposures To Radiation – Actual and Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in medical countermeasures against radiation

Patterson

Lanz

Gonzalez

et al. 2009

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

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Radiation metabolomics can be defined as the global profiling of biological fluids to uncover latent, endogenous small molecules whose concentrations change in a dose-response manner following exposure to ionizing radiation. In response to the potential threat of nuclear or radiological terrorism, the Center for High-Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry (CMCR) was established to develop field-deployable biodosimeters based, in principle, on rapid analysis by mass spectrometry of readily and easily obtainable biofluids. In this review, we briefly summarize radiation biology and key events related to actual and potential nuclear disasters, discuss the important contributions the field of mass spectrometry has made to the field of radiation metabolomics, and summarize current discovery efforts to use mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to identify dose-responsive urinary constituents, and ultimately to build and deploy a noninvasive high-throughput biodosimeter.

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“…percent of oncological diseases in the population; 2. frequencies of mitotic cells (usually in the peripheral blood) with a damaged genetic apparatus; 3. share of children with congenital anomalies (20). the only doubtless index of public health worsening after the chernobyl accident is the increased frequency of occurrence of thyroid neoplasm (20). the collected data about cytogenetic anomalies in somatic cells show high individual variability of the characteristics of chromosomal apparatus destabilization and no clear linear dependences between the realization of karyotype instability and environmental radionuclide pollution (8) and quantity of cesium isotopes in the organism (1,25).…”

Section: Common Health Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Common Health Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laws of Anthropogenic (Ecological) Disasters—The Example of The Chernobyl Accident

Glazko

2011

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Don't underestimate the death rate from Chernobyl

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

KMRC011, an agonist of toll-like receptor 5, mitigates irradiation-induced tissue damage and mortality in cynomolgus monkeys

KMRC011, an agonist of toll-like receptor 5, mitigates irradiation-induced tissue damage and mortality in cynomolgus monkeys

The role of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in medical countermeasures against radiation

Laws of Anthropogenic (Ecological) Disasters—The Example of The Chernobyl Accident

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