Doppler Features From Wind Turbine Scattering in the Presence of Ground

Naqvi, Aale; Whitelonis, Nick; Líu, Hao

doi:10.2528/pierl12081004

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This implies that the zero-elevation results can provide a conservation estimate of the shadowing effect from wind turbines. We should note that in the presence of a reflecting ocean surface, additional surface reflections can occur, as discussed in [11]. However, these additional interactions should not significantly change the conclusions reached here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Final Report DE-EE0005380: Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Sea Surface, Subsurface and Airborne Electronic Systems

Líu

Hamilton

Bhalla

et al. 2013

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Executive SummaryBackground: Offshore wind energy is a valuable resource that can provide a significant boost to the US renewable energy portfolio. A current constraint to the development of offshore wind farms is the potential for interference to be caused by large wind farms on existing electronic and acoustical equipment for surveillance, navigation and communications. Therefore, the U.S. Department of Energy funded this study as an objective assessment of possible interference to various types of equipment operating in the marine environment where offshore wind farms could be installed.The interference due to land-based wind farms on radar under certain circumstances has already been widely publicized and studied. The rotation of the turbine blades can give rise to strong Doppler clutter, which can interfere with the operation of existing military, aviation and weather radar systems. In Europe, investigations on the effect of offshore wind farms on marine navigation have been conducted as early as 2004. To date, no comprehensive study of the potential for electromagnetic interference has yet taken place in the US for offshore wind farms. This is due in large part to the lack of any operating offshore wind farms in the US.For acoustics, while there have been many studies of whether airborne noise generated by wind turbines impacts communities, none was found describing how the sound radiated underwater by offshore installations impacts acoustical equipment. Except in relatively close proximity to the wind farms, a distance that depends on many factors including environmental and those specific to the wind farm itself, the radiated sound pressure levels are comparable to ambient noise levels in coastal waters.Objective: The objective of this project was to conduct a baseline evaluation of electromagnetic and acoustical challenges to sea surface, subsurface and airborne electronic systems presented by offshore wind farms. To accomplish that goal, the following tasks were carried out:i. Survey electronic systems that can potentially be impacted by large offshore wind farms, and identify impact assessment studies and research and development activities both within and outside the US, ii.Engage key stakeholders to identify their possible concerns and operating requirements, iii.Conduct first-principle simulations on the interactions of electromagnetic signals with, and the radiation of underwater acoustic signals from, offshore wind farms to evaluate the effect of such interactions on electronic systems, and iv.Provide impact assessments, recommend mitigation methods, prioritize future research directions, and disseminate project findings. Methodology: A survey of electronic equipment (marine radar, airborne radar, sonar, navigation and communications equipment) that could potentially be impacted by large offshore DE-EE0005380 The University of Texas at Austin vi wind farms was first carried out. The electromagnetics and acoustics teams each developed a systems list (systems listed vs. frequency and applications/s...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Final Report DE-EE0005380: Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Sea Surface, Subsurface and Airborne Electronic Systems

Líu

Hamilton

Bhalla

et al. 2013

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“…Finally, we examine the effect of the ground plane, which is used to model the sea surface, on the observed RCS level. A detailed study on the ground plane effect to wind turbine RCS at microwave frequency range was reported in [25]. Here, we extend the analysis to the HF frequency range.…”

Section: Modeling Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

A Study of Radar Features of Wind Turbines in the Hf Band

Naqvi¹,

Líu²

2013

PIER

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Abstract-Radar features of wind turbines are simulated and studied in the HF band. The features are presented in the range-Doppler plane for single as well as arrays of turbines. Doppler aliasing due to the limited pulse repetition frequency of HF radars is examined. Shadowing characteristics of arrays of turbines are simulated and analyzed. Electromagnetic modeling details including effects of thinwire modeling, non-conducting turbine components, and the presence of a conducting ground surface are discussed.

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“…However, none of these studies include the effect of ground on the scattering mechanism. On the other hand, electromagnetic scattering from a wind turbine with rotating blades in the presence of PEC ground using image theory and shooting‐and‐bouncing ray has been studied in [6]. In that work, a computer aided design (CAD) model is used to collect scattered field data for 0.1° blade orientation steps to perform the simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical method for monostatic radar cross section calculation of a perfectly conducting wind turbine model located over dielectric lossy half space

Yucedag

Serim

2014

IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation

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Radar cross section (RCS) of a wind turbine has a key role for determining possible effects of wind farms on radar and navigation systems. Closed form expressions of the physical optics technique are applied to calculate monostatic radar cross section of an electrically large wind turbine model over a dielectric, lossy half space. The model is constructed with perfectly conducting canonical structures. First-order effects of the half space to the electromagnetic scattering mechanism are approximated with four-path model. Doppler spectrogram of the turbine model over lossy ground is obtained using short-time Fourier transform. The closed form expressions provide very-fast RCS calculations for different broadside directions and blade rotation speeds. Performance of this proposed method shows that it is suitable for real-time simulations that analyse the effects of the wind farms to the radar and navigation systems performance.

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Doppler Features From Wind Turbine Scattering in the Presence of Ground

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Final Report DE-EE0005380: Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Sea Surface, Subsurface and Airborne Electronic Systems

Final Report DE-EE0005380: Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Sea Surface, Subsurface and Airborne Electronic Systems

A Study of Radar Features of Wind Turbines in the Hf Band

Analytical method for monostatic radar cross section calculation of a perfectly conducting wind turbine model located over dielectric lossy half space

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