Doppler Power Spectra for 3D Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channels With Moving Scatterers

Liang, Xiaolin; Cao, Wangbin; Zhao, Xiongwen

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2859362

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The correlation between frequency and Doppler effect results in an even more aggravated circumstance in the mmWave frequency bands, that in combination with the vehicular environment may be a critical challenge. Furthermore, many channel models only take into account a stationary representation of the scatterers but moving scatterers may be a significant source for Doppler spread [36]. In contrast, other complex channel model simulation tools fail to integrate detailed physical layer and a flexible network engine.…”

Section: E High Dopplermentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation Models in Vehicular Communications

et al. 2021

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In the advent of becoming reality, the era of autonomous vehicles is closer than ever, and with it, the need for faster and reliable wireless connections. The propagation channel determines the performance limits of wireless communications, and with the aid of empirical measurements, channel modeling is the best approach to predict and recreate how signal propagation conditions may perform. To this end, many different approaches and techniques have been implemented, from specific applications to general models, considering the characteristics of the environment (geometry-based or non-geometry-based) as well as seeking high performance algorithms in order to achieve good balance between accuracy and computational cost. This paper provides an updated overview of propagation channel models for vehicular communications, beginning with some specific propagation characteristics of these complex heterogeneous environments in terms of diverse communication scenarios, different combinations of link types, antenna placement/diversity, potentially high Doppler shifts, or non-stationarity, among others. The presented channel models are classified in four categories: empirical, non-geometry-based stochastic, geometry-based stochastic, and deterministic models, following the classical approach. The features and key concepts of the different vehicular communications channel models are presented, from sub 6 GHz to millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands. The advantages and disadvantages of the main works in the area are discussed and compared in a comprehensive way, outlining their contributions. Finally, future critical challenges and research directions for modeling reliable vehicular communications are introduced, such as the effects of vegetation, pedestrians, common scatterers, micro-mobility or spherical wavefront, which in the context of the near future are presented as research opportunities.INDEX TERMS Vehicular communications, channel modeling, propagation, mmWave.

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Section: E High Dopplermentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation Models in Vehicular Communications

et al. 2021

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“…Nevertheless, the authors in [9,10] found that the WSS was only suitable for short distances between transmitters and receivers based on the measured data. Several GBSMs for nonstationary V2V channels are proposed in the literature [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Among them, 2D nonstationary V2V GBSMs with fixed clusters [11,12] or moving scatterers [13] were studied and the statistical properties, i.e., the temporal correlation function (TCF), spatial correlation function (SCF), and Doppler power spectrum density (DPSD), were also analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some 3D cluster-based nonstationary V2V channel models can also been addressed in [22][23][24][25]. However, the output phases related to the Doppler frequencies in [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] were inaccurate compared with the theoretical results [26,27]. e authors in [28,29] modified the phase item to overcome this shortcoming, but it is only suitable for 2D scattering environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A General 3D Nonstationary Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Model Allowing 3D Arbitrary Trajectory and 3D-Shaped Antenna Array

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Most of the existing channel model for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications only considered that the terminals were equipped with linear antenna arrays and moved with fixed velocities. Nevertheless, under the realistic environment, those models are not practical since the velocities and trajectories of mobile transmitter (MT) and mobile receiver (MR) could be time-variant and unpredictable due to the complex traffic conditions. This paper develops a general 3D nonstationary V2V channel model, which is based on the traditional geometry-based stochastic models (GBSMs) and the twin-cluster approach. In contrast to the traditional models, this new model is characterized by 3D scattering environments, 3D antenna arrays, and 3D arbitrary trajectories of both terminals and scatterers. The calculating methods of channel parameters are also provided. In addition, the statistical properties, i.e., spatial-temporal correlation function (STCF) and Doppler power spectrum density (DPSD), are derived in detail. Simulation results have demonstrated that the output statistical properties of the proposed model agree well with the theoretical and measured results, which verifies the effectiveness of theoretical derivations and channel model as well.

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“…The second method is to perform a fourier transformation of the autocorrelation function of the signal which contains a random process. Research on the modeling of power spectral density on the V2V channel with a mobile scatterer has also been carried out with a 3-D model under Line of Sight (LOS) conditions, single bounced and double bounced rays [19]. This research uses determining power spectral density using a method through the fourier transform of the autocorrelation function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Spectral Density of V2V Communication System in the Presence of Moving Scatterers

Pamungkas¹,

Suryani²,

Wirawan³

et al. 2019

IJIES

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A communication system of Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) consists of a transmitter, a receiver, and scatterers which can move in random speeds and directions to generate the Doppler Effect that reduces communications system performance. The Doppler effect that occurs in V2V channel modeling is a combination of the Doppler effect on each of its constituent components. After being combined with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) multi-carrier system, the signal received at the receiving end experiences attenuation due to the characteristics of the channel used. To analyze the attenuation factor received due to the influence of channel characteristics, the power spectral density parameter is used. Previous research was limited to modeling the V2V channel with moving scatterers, without knowing the effect of velocity on power spectral density. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of velocity parameters of V2V's components on power spectral density where scatterers moved randomly. Moving scatterers speed was classified into two categories, where the scatterers were faster or slower than the sender and receiver. The power spectral density was analyzed after combining Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation with multi-carrier OFDM. The results show that components with higher velocity yielded more damped power spectral density on the receiver that reached -0.7099 dB/Hz. Moreover, the number of scatterers that moved around the transmitter and receiver highly affected the magnitude of the Doppler effect. The largest Doppler Shift generated in this study was 13.5 kHz with attenuated power spectral density at -0.8646 dB/Hz.

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Doppler Power Spectra for 3D Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channels With Moving Scatterers

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Propagation Models in Vehicular Communications

Propagation Models in Vehicular Communications

A General 3D Nonstationary Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Model Allowing 3D Arbitrary Trajectory and 3D-Shaped Antenna Array

Power Spectral Density of V2V Communication System in the Presence of Moving Scatterers

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