Doppler ultrasonography of normal neck veins

Pucheu, A.; Evans, John A.; Thomas, Daniel; Scheublé, C; Pucheu, M.

doi:10.1002/jcu.1870220603

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The rare case of unilateral IJV agenesis, as in one of our patients, had been previously reported [18,19]. Pucheu et al [18] found in a group of 148 patients 3 cases of hypoplasia of variable degree of the left IJV with a diameter less than 0.5 cm and 1 case of complete agenesis of the left IJV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Internal jugular venous valves in children: high-resolution US findings

Darge¹,

Brandis²,

Zieger³

et al. 2001

European Radiology

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The aim of this study was to determine in children the prevalence rate and to describe the sonographic morphology of the valves in the internal jugular veins. One hundred twenty children (60 boys and 60 girls; mean age +/- SD 10 +/- 4 years, age range 3-20 years) were recruited for the study. They underwent sonographic examination of both internal jugular veins. The number of valvular cusps, the length of the cusps and exact site of origin were recorded. In 96% of the children a valve was found in one or both internal jugular veins. Within this group a valve was detected unilaterally in 26% and bilaterally in 74% of the cases. Ultrasound morphological and morphometric analysis was carried out in a total of 239 internal jugular veins; 200 (84%) veins were found to have valves. The origin of the cusps was located at a mean distance of 9 mm (0-26 mm) proximal to the confluence of the subclavian and internal jugular veins into the brachiocephalic vein. A valve in the distal part of the internal jugular vein is a very common finding with characteristic features on US.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Pucheu et al [18] found in a group of 148 patients 3 cases of hypoplasia of variable degree of the left IJV with a diameter less than 0.5 cm and 1 case of complete agenesis of the left IJV. In a US screening of children under the age of 6 years, the prevalence rate of agenesis of the internal jugular vein was 2 % [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Internal jugular venous valves in children: high-resolution US findings

Darge¹,

Brandis²,

Zieger³

et al. 2001

European Radiology

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“…Although there are anatomical variations, the valves are generally located about 0.5 cm above the union of the subclavian vein and IJVs at the lower limit of the jugular bulb [81-85], which are shown in 96.8% of the general population [82,84]. The IJV valves are generally thought to prevent the backflow of venous blood and backward venous pressure into the cerebral venous system during conditions where the central venous pressure or intrathoracic pressure is increased, such as chest compression during external cardiopulmonary resuscitation, severe or repetitive cough and straining [81,83-86].…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Extracranial Venous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential involvement of the extracranial venous system in central nervous system disorders and aging

Zivadinov

Chung

2013

BMC Med

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BackgroundThe role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the development of the venous system is subject to many variations and that these variations do not necessarily represent pathological findings. The idea has been changing with regards to the extracranial venous system.DiscussionA range of extracranial venous abnormalities have recently been reported, which could be classified as structural/morphological, hemodynamic/functional and those determined only by the composite criteria and use of multimodal imaging. The presence of these abnormalities usually disrupts normal blood flow and is associated with the development of prominent collateral circulation. The etiology of these abnormalities may be related to embryologic developmental arrest, aging or other comorbidities. Several CNS disorders have been linked to the presence and severity of jugular venous reflux. Another composite criteria-based vascular condition named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was recently introduced. CCSVI is characterized by abnormalities of the main extracranial cerebrospinal venous outflow routes that may interfere with normal venous outflow.SummaryAdditional research is needed to better define the role of the extracranial venous system in relation to CNS disorders and aging. The use of endovascular treatment for the correction of these extracranial venous abnormalities should be discouraged, until potential benefit is demonstrated in properly-designed, blinded, randomized and controlled clinical trials.Please see related editorial: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/259.

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“…In early anatomic studies, the VV was not considered to be a relevant vessel, but instead as a venous plexus around the vertebral artery. In contrast to the IJVs, which have been the focus of anatomic and physiologic research since the first days of duplex sonography, 68, 69 up to now only one paper has been published reporting detection rates and flow velocities of 138 healthy subjects (mean age±s.d. 42.1±14.5 years) in supine position.…”

Section: Ultrasound Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Went Wrong? the Flawed Concept of Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency

Valdueza

Doepp

Schreiber

et al. 2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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In 2006, Zamboni reintroduced the concept that chronic impaired venous outflow of the central nervous system is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), coining the term of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (‘CCSVI'). The diagnosis of ‘CCSVI' is based on sonographic criteria, which he found exclusively fulfilled in MS. The concept proposes that chronic venous outflow failure is associated with venous reflux and congestion and leads to iron deposition, thereby inducing neuroinflammation and degeneration. The revival of this concept has generated major interest in media and patient groups, mainly driven by the hope that endovascular treatment of ‘CCSVI' could alleviate MS. Many investigators tried to replicate Zamboni's results with duplex sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and catheter angiography. The data obtained here do generally not support the ‘CCSVI' concept. Moreover, there are no methodologically adequate studies to prove or disprove beneficial effects of endovascular treatment in MS. This review not only gives a comprehensive overview of the methodological flaws and pathophysiologic implausibility of the ‘CCSVI' concept, but also summarizes the multimodality diagnostic validation studies and open-label trials of endovascular treatment. In our view, there is currently no basis to diagnose or treat ‘CCSVI' in the care of MS patients, outside of the setting of scientific research.

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Doppler ultrasonography of normal neck veins

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Internal jugular venous valves in children: high-resolution US findings

Internal jugular venous valves in children: high-resolution US findings

Potential involvement of the extracranial venous system in central nervous system disorders and aging

What Went Wrong? the Flawed Concept of Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency

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