Dosage analysis of Z chromosome genes using microarray in silkworm, Bombyx mori

Zha, Xingfu; Xia, Qingyou; Duan, Jun; Wang, Chunyun; He, Ningjia; Zhang, Xiang

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.12.003

Cited by 97 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This result suggests a compensatory mechanism working through upregulation of female genes (Supplementary Fig. 23), as has also been noted previously in birds and silkworm 42,43 . …”

Section: Genomic Organization and Evolution Of Z And Wsupporting

confidence: 83%

Whole-genome sequence of a flatfish provides insights into ZW sex chromosome evolution and adaptation to a benthic lifestyle

et al. 2014

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The existence of males and females, which are often strikingly different in morphology, reproductive strategies and behavior, is one of the most widespread phenomena in biology. However, the genetic mechanisms that generate this ubiquitous pattern are surprisingly diverse and do not follow a phylogenetic pattern. Sex-determination mechanisms can differ between even closely related species and arise frequently and independently. Fish provide a paradigmatic example, as their sex-determination mechanisms range from environmental to different modes of genetic determination. The evolutionary meaning of this remarkable plasticity is unknown. For genetic sex determination, where the trigger for female or male development comes from the genetic constitution of the individual, the evolution of sex-determination mechanisms is connected to a very peculiar genomic process, namely the formation of sex chromosomes [1][2][3][4] .To improve understanding of the function and evolution of sex chromosomes, their genetic organization must be deciphered.However, owing to their degenerate nature and high repetitive DNA content, sex chromosomes pose almost insurmountable problems in deciphering their gene content and organization. So far, only the human 5 , chimpanzee 6 and rhesus macaque Y chromosomes 7 and the male-specific region on the Y chromosome of one fish, the medaka 8 , have been sequenced. These analyses have nevertheless provided important insights into the evolution of Y chromosomes, their genomic organization and their degeneration processes, as well as predictions as to their likely evolutionary fate 9-12 .Much less genomic information exists on W chromosomes because, as with Y chromosomes, they are predominantly highly repetitive in nature. The prevailing theory of the evolution of sex chromosomes predicts that degeneration of the heterogametic sex chromosome is a stepwise process that occurs over an extended period of time. We therefore reasoned that an evolutionarily young W chromosome Whole-genome sequence of a flatfish provides insights into ZW sex chromosome evolution and adaptation to a benthic lifestyle Genetic sex determination by W and Z chromosomes has developed independently in different groups of organisms. To better understand the evolution of sex chromosomes and the plasticity of sex-determination mechanisms, we sequenced the whole genomes of a male (ZZ) and a female (ZW) half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). In addition to insights into adaptation to a benthic lifestyle, we find that the sex chromosomes of these fish are derived from the same ancestral vertebrate protochromosome as the avian W and Z chromosomes. Notably, the same gene on the Z chromosome, dmrt1, which is the male-determining gene in birds, showed convergent evolution of features that are compatible with a similar function in tongue sole. Comparison of the relatively young tongue sole sex chromosomes with those of mammals and birds identified events that occurred during the early phase of sex-chromosome evolution. Pertinent to...

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“…This result suggests a compensatory mechanism working through upregulation of female genes (Supplementary Fig. 23), as has also been noted previously in birds and silkworm 42,43 . …”

Section: Genomic Organization and Evolution Of Z And Wsupporting

confidence: 83%

Whole-genome sequence of a flatfish provides insights into ZW sex chromosome evolution and adaptation to a benthic lifestyle

et al. 2014

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“…It was surprising, therefore, when the lack of a chromosome-wide mechanism of DC was recently reported in the ZZ male/ZW female system of birds (Itoh et al, 2007), where Z gene expression is constitutively higher in males. This finding has now been confirmed in a second study in chickens (Ellegren et al, 2007) and detected in another ZZ/ZW system, the silkworm Bombyx mori (Zha et al, 2009).…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

Evaluating dosage compensation on the chicken Z chromosome: should effective dosage compensation eliminate sexual bias?

Melamed¹,

Elashoff

Arnold

2009

Heredity

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“…2, the overall expression profiles for Z chromosome linked genes in B. mori fifth instar tissue samples remained relatively consistent between the two sexes, although many genes had higher apparent dosage in male versus female insects (Zha et al 2009). While dosage compensation was not analyzed in O. nubilalis expression profiles, a visual comparative assessment of gene expression profiles for mapped or predicted Z-linked genes indicated similar expression patterns for approximately 75% of the O. nubilalis orthologs when compared to the B. mori fifth instar larval tissue microarray data (Fig.…”

Section: Expression Of O Nubilalis Z Chromosome Orthologsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Em, embryo; NN, neonate; second-fifth, larval instars; P pupae, F female adult, M male adult, Ca carcass, Hd head, FB fat body, HC hemocytes, Gu gut, Int integument, Std molecular standards. B. mori raw microarray data was retrieved and analyzed from SilkDB (Duan et al 2010;Xia et al 2007;Zha et al 2009). Loci that mapped to the O. nubilalis Z chromosome are boxed.…”

Section: Expression Of O Nubilalis Z Chromosome Orthologsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rearrangement of the Z chromosome topology influences the sex-linked gene display in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

et al. 2011

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Males are homogametic (ZZ) and females are heterogametic (WZ) with respect to the sex chromosomes in many species of butterflies and moths (insect order Lepidoptera). Genes on the Z chromosome influence traits involved in larval development, environmental adaptation, and reproductive isolation. To facilitate the investigation of these traits across Lepidoptera, we developed 43 degenerate primer pairs to PCR amplify orthologs of 43 Bombyx mori Z chromosome-linked genes. Of the 34 orthologs that amplified by PCR in Ostrinia nubilalis, 6 co-segregated with the Z chromosome anchor markers kettin (ket) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and produced a consensus genetic linkage map of ~89 cM in combination with 5 AFLP markers. The O. nubilalis and B. mori Z chromosomes are comparatively co-linear, although potential gene inversions alter terminal gene orders and a translocation event disrupted synteny at one chromosome end. Compared to B. mori orthologs, O. nubilalis Z chromosome-linked genes showed conservation of tissuespecific and growth-stage-specific expression, although some genes exhibited species-specific expression across developmental stages or tissues. The O. nubilalis Z chromosome linkage map provides new tools for isolating quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in sex-linked traits that drive speciation and it exposes genome rearrangements as a possible mechanism for differential gene regulation in Lepidoptera. Abstract Males are homogametic (ZZ) and females are heterogametic (WZ) with respect to the sex chromosomes in many species of butterflies and moths (insect order Lepidoptera). Genes on the Z chromosome influence traits involved in larval development, environmental adaptation, and reproductive isolation. To facilitate the investigation of these traits across Lepidoptera, we developed 43 degenerate primer pairs to PCR amplify orthologs of 43 Bombyx mori Z chromosomelinked genes. Of the 34 orthologs that amplified by PCR in Ostrinia nubilalis, 6 co-segregated with the Z chromosome anchor markers kettin (ket) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and produced a consensus genetic linkage map of *89 cM in combination with 5 AFLP markers. The O. nubilalis and B. mori Z chromosomes are comparatively co-linear, although potential gene inversions alter terminal gene orders and a translocation event disrupted synteny at one chromosome end. Compared to B. mori orthologs, O. nubilalis Z chromosomelinked genes showed conservation of tissue-specific and growth-stage-specific expression, although some genes exhibited species-specific expression across developmental stages or tissues. The O. nubilalis Z chromosome linkage map provides new tools for isolating quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in sex-linked traits that drive speciation and it exposes genome rearrangements as a possible mechanism for differential gene regulation in Lepidoptera.

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Dosage analysis of Z chromosome genes using microarray in silkworm, Bombyx mori

Cited by 97 publications

References 36 publications

Whole-genome sequence of a flatfish provides insights into ZW sex chromosome evolution and adaptation to a benthic lifestyle

Whole-genome sequence of a flatfish provides insights into ZW sex chromosome evolution and adaptation to a benthic lifestyle

Evaluating dosage compensation on the chicken Z chromosome: should effective dosage compensation eliminate sexual bias?

A rearrangement of the Z chromosome topology influences the sex-linked gene display in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

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