Dose and dose-rate dependency in the mortality response of Calanus finmarchicus embryos exposed to ultraviolet radiation

Browman, Howard I.; St-Pierre, Jean-François; Kuhn, Penelope S.

doi:10.3354/meps247297

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results support in part the findings of Karentz et al (Karentz et al, 2004), who found that at depths greater than 3m reduced or no UV-B-induced embryo abnormality was evident and that DNA damage in the form of CPDs was minimal. However, unlike Karentz et al (Karentz et al, 2004) who found that compared with visible light and UV-A, UV-B had a relatively small impact on embryo abnormality at depths less than 3m, the results of the present study support the findings of numerous other studies that have shown that UV-B can have a considerable impact on the embryos of sea urchins and other marine larvae (Lesser et al, 2001;Browman et al, 2003;Lesser et al, 2004;Lamare et al, 2007). As abnormality can be the end result of exposure of a developing embryo to several stressors, is not surprising that under highly variable field conditions, such as those found in Antarctica, the accumulation of cellular damage to a level sufficient to cause abnormalities could be achieved in different ways depending on the combined impacts of many environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Sea ice protects the embryos of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri from oxidative damage due to naturally enhanced levels of UV-B radiation

Lister

Lamare

Burritt

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The ‘ozone hole’ has caused an increase in ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B, 280–320 nm) penetrating Antarctic coastal marine ecosystems, however the direct effect of this enhanced UV-B on pelagic organisms remains unclear. Oxidative stress, the in vivo production of reactive oxygen species to levels high enough to overcome anti-oxidant defences, is a key outcome of exposure to solar radiation, yet to date few studies have examined this physiological response in Antarctic marine species in situ or in direct relation to the ozone hole. To assess the biological effects of UV-B, in situ experiments were conducted at Cape Armitage in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (77.06°S, 164.42°E) on the common Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri Meissner (Echinoidea) over two consecutive 4-day periods in the spring of 2008 (26–30 October and 1–5 November). The presence of the ozone hole, and a corresponding increase in UV-B exposure, resulted in unequivocal increases in oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and developmental abnormality in embryos of S. neumayeri growing in open waters. Results also indicate that embryos have only a limited capacity to increase the activities of protective antioxidant enzymes, but not to levels sufficient to prevent severe oxidative damage from occurring. Importantly, results show that the effect of the ozone hole is largely mitigated by sea ice coverage. The present findings suggest that the coincidence of reduced stratospheric ozone and a reduction in sea ice coverage may produce a situation in which significant damage to Antarctic marine ecosystems may occur.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Sea ice protects the embryos of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri from oxidative damage due to naturally enhanced levels of UV-B radiation

Lister

Lamare

Burritt

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Error bars represent ±1 SE. Absence of error bars denotes lack of variation in the data UV on zooplankton and other organisms in lakes (e.g., Williamson, 1995;Hurtubise et al, 1998;Williamson et al, 2001a;Leech et al, 2005) and oceans (Speekmann et al, 2000;Johnsen & Widder, 2001;Browman et al, 2003). This study also provides evidence that this non-trophic pathway may be crucial in ponds or shallow lakes.…”

Section: Non-trophic Pathway: Zooplankton and Attenuation Of Uv Radiamentioning

confidence: 80%

Decoupling carbon effects and UV protection from terrestrial subsidies on pond zooplankton

Geddes

2009

Hydrobiologia

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Studies on spatial subsidies have overwhelmingly addressed their trophic nature. However, certain subsidies might affect recipient communities beyond the feeding pathway. Terrestrial colored dissolved organic matter (DOM) is such a subsidy providing a carbon source for bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates which zooplankton can consume (trophic pathway), but also protecting zooplankton against damaging UV radiation through its color (nontrophic pathway). These mechanisms have been quantified separately, but few studies have attempted to decouple them and evaluate their effects in the context of subsidies. In this study, I experimentally isolated the trophic and non-trophic pathways by which DOM (as maple leaf leachate) affects zooplankton, and also addressed how local food resources (i.e., phytoplankton) could mediate the response of zooplankton to DOM subsidies. Terrestrial subsidies (DOM) effectively shielded zooplankton against damaging UV radiation. Local resources (i.e., phytoplankton), however, did not seem to mediate the fitness response of zooplankton to UV radiation. This study also suggested that the carbon in DOM might be slightly detrimental to zooplankton independent of the UV protection effect. High levels of local resources combined with carbon subsidies from DOM did not translate into higher zooplankton survival, presumably because of the detrimental effects of DOM on zooplankton. This study provides further support for the importance of terrestrial subsidies in affecting communities through non-trophic pathways (UV attenuation) and documents that the trophic pathway might be strongly dependent on subsidy quality. Further studies on the role of subsidies that include the less documented non-trophic pathways are needed to improve our mechanistic understanding of how communities and ecosystems respond to spatial subsidies.

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“…Evidence of UV-B impacts on marine zooplankton are much fewer, limited to laboratory studies or studies in relatively turbid waters [15] , [18] . Studies on the Acartia genus provided evidence of UV-B avoidance behavior in Acartiahudsonica [14] and Acartiapacifica [33] and demonstrated fitness costs of Acartiatonsa feed diets low in photoprotective pigments [17] , and evidence that UV radiation reduces hatching success of the Arctic copepod Calanusfinmarchicus [20] . The analysis of dose-response levels of UV-B levels on a range of copepods in Puget Sound suggested they were resistant to ambient levels of UV-B radiation in those relatively turbid waters [18] , similar to results from San Francisco Bay, where only 1% of UV-B radiation reaches to 0.5 m depth [15] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that crustaceans, a dominant component of zooplankton communities, are highly vulnerable to UV-B radiation [6] . Previous studies on planktonic (often neustonic) crustacean zooplankton showed that exposure to UV-B lead to behavioral [13] and physiological responses [14] – [16] ultimately affecting a range of fitness components [17] conducive to increased mortality [18] – [20] . Impacts of UV-B radiation is expected to be highest in tropical oligotrophic marine regions [11] , where high incident UV-B radiation combines with deep penetration to yield high UV-B doses to organisms inhabiting the mixed layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impacts of UV-B radiation is expected to be highest in tropical oligotrophic marine regions [11] , where high incident UV-B radiation combines with deep penetration to yield high UV-B doses to organisms inhabiting the mixed layer. Yet, the functional responses of zooplankton mortality to ambient solar radiation doses have been assessed only in productive, turbid coastal waters [14] – [20] . Here we show, based on experimental assessments of solar radiation dose-mortality curves on eight common taxa, the mortality of zooplankton in the oligotrophic waters of the Red Sea to increase steeply with ambient levels of solar radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Mortality of Red Sea Zooplankton under Ambient Solar Radiation

et al. 2014

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High solar radiation along with extreme transparency leads to high penetration of solar radiation in the Red Sea, potentially harmful to biota inhabiting the upper water column, including zooplankton. Here we show, based on experimental assessments of solar radiation dose-mortality curves on eight common taxa, the mortality of zooplankton in the oligotrophic waters of the Red Sea to increase steeply with ambient levels of solar radiation in the Red Sea. Responses curves linking solar radiation doses with zooplankton mortality were evaluated by exposing organisms, enclosed in quartz bottles, allowing all the wavelengths of solar radiation to penetrate, to five different levels of ambient solar radiation (100%, 21.6%, 7.2%, 3.2% and 0% of solar radiation). The maximum mortality rates under ambient solar radiation levels averaged (±standard error of the mean, SEM) 18.4±5.8% h−1, five-fold greater than the average mortality in the dark for the eight taxa tested. The UV-B radiation required for mortality rates to reach ½of maximum values averaged (±SEM) 12±5.6 h−1% of incident UVB radiation, equivalent to the UV-B dose at 19.2±2.7 m depth in open coastal Red Sea waters. These results confirm that Red Sea zooplankton are highly vulnerable to ambient solar radiation, as a consequence of the combination of high incident radiation and high water transparency allowing deep penetration of damaging UV-B radiation. These results provide evidence of the significance of ambient solar radiation levels as a stressor of marine zooplankton communities in tropical, oligotrophic waters. Because the oligotrophic ocean extends across 70% of the ocean surface, solar radiation can be a globally-significant stressor for the ocean ecosystem, by constraining zooplankton use of the upper levels of the water column and, therefore, the efficiency of food transfer up the food web in the oligotrophic ocean.

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Dose and dose-rate dependency in the mortality response of Calanus finmarchicus embryos exposed to ultraviolet radiation

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Sea ice protects the embryos of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri from oxidative damage due to naturally enhanced levels of UV-B radiation

Sea ice protects the embryos of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri from oxidative damage due to naturally enhanced levels of UV-B radiation

Decoupling carbon effects and UV protection from terrestrial subsidies on pond zooplankton

High Mortality of Red Sea Zooplankton under Ambient Solar Radiation

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