Dose-Dependent Chemopreventive Effect of Methanol Extract of Carica papaya Seed on Potassium Bromate- Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Kanadi, M. A.; Wudil, A. M.; Alhassan, A. J.; Ngwen, A. L.; Yaradua, A. I.; Nasir, A.

doi:10.9734/ajbgmb/2019/v2i130051

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Additionally, as HCO 3 and Cl are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, a high level of these electrolytes may indicate tubular renal damage. This outcome is consistent with the rise in all electrolytes observed by Kanadi et al [55] after exposure of animals to KBrO 3 . The main anion in serum is chloride.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Nephro-protective Efficacy of African Locust Bean Seed against Potassium Bromate-induced Renal Damage

Abali

Chika-Igwenyi

Agu

et al. 2022

AJBGMB

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Background: Potassium bromate (KBrO3) has been utilized extensively to sterilize water, dye hair, oxidize food, add to bread dough as a maturing agent, and condition wheat dough, thereby entering into human body. It has been claimed to cause a number of toxicities including nephrotoxicity. Aim: This study, therefore, sought to investigate the nephro-protective efficacy of African locust bean (ALB) seed against potassium bromate-induced renal damage. Methodology: Using a soxhlet extractor with ethanol as the solvent, ALB was extracted. Twenty-four mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, and D after being acclimated in the lab. Oral distilled water was administered to Group A. Although groups C and D likewise received 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of ALB, respectively, the animals in groups B, C, and D received 100 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate. Rats received daily doses of freshly produced potassium bromate and ALB extract by oral gavage. Blood and kidney sample were taken after the prescribed 28-day course of medication. Standard techniques were used to assess renal biomarkers. Results: When compared to the control group, potassium bromate treatment led to significant (P<0.05) increases in the serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl–), and bicarbonate (HCO3–). Renal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were likewise elevated by KBrO3 poisoning in comparison to the control group. However, combined administration of KBrO3 and ALB seed extract resulted in significant dose-dependent reductions in the levels of all kidney biomarkers examined, with 200 mg/kg being the most effective dose. Conclusion: This study revealed that potassium bromate indeed induced nephrotoxicity by unhinging renal biomarkers investigated in this study. It was further observed that seed extract of African locust bean (ALB) alleviated these adverse effects on the kidney by resisting the perturbations, thereby exhibiting nephron-protective effect. The biochemical composition of ALB has conferred it with this ability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Nephro-protective Efficacy of African Locust Bean Seed against Potassium Bromate-induced Renal Damage

Abali

Chika-Igwenyi

Agu

et al. 2022

AJBGMB

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“…This study's findings agree with those of Akomolafe et al [40] and Abd-Elmaksoud et al [41]. These outcomes could be anticipated as a result of the kidney's failure to do its purification and removal of metabolites functions due to structural changes in the renal tissues following injection of KBrO 3 , as previously documented [8,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Protective and Curative Potential of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Corchorus olitorius against Potassium Bromate-Induced Renal Toxicity

Abali

Nwobodo

Uche

et al. 2023

AJBGMB

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Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the protective and curative potential of ethanol leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius against potassium bromate (KBrO3)-induced renal toxicity. Methodology: Corchorus olitorius was extracted using a soxhlet extractor and ethanol as the solvent. After becoming accustomed to the lab, 24 mature male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to groups A, B, C, and D. Group A received oral distilled water as treatment. Animals in groups B, C, and D got 100 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate while groups C and D also received 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of Corchorus olitorius respectively. Fresh potassium bromate and groups C and D extract were administered to rats every day by oral gavage. After taking the drug for the recommended 28 days, blood and kidney samples were collected. Renal biomarkers were evaluated using conventional methods. Results: Significant (P0.05) increase in the serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl–), and bicarbonate (HCO3–) were observed following potassium bromate administration in comparison to the control group. KBrO3 poisoning also increased the levels of the inflammatory proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) in the kidneys compared to the control group. Yet when KBrO3 and C. olitorius leaf extract were administered together, levels of all kidney indicators were significantly reduced in a dosage-dependent manner, with 200 mg/kg being the most efficient dose. Conclusion: This study found that C. olitorius leaf extract, particularly at the higher dose of 200 mg/kg, was successful in reducing a number of the parameters examined that had been negatively impacted by KBrO3. It may be advantageous to include C. olitorius leaf in edible products that may contain KBrO3, such as flour, bread, or cakes, as it is a well-known dietary prebiotic with established safety profiles in humans. Further research is required to determine whether C. olitorius leaves can reduce the toxicity of KBrO3 in human organs and other animal strains, as well as perhaps treat it.

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“…This result is in harmony with reports of Akomolafe et al [8] and Abd Elmaksoud et al [18] . These results may be expected to the kidney's incapability to carry out its functions of purification and removal of metabolites as a result of the structural alterations in the kidney tissues after administration of KBrO 3 as repotred previously [19] . The kidney is responsible for the management of different electrolytes and the care of homeostasis [20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The kidney is responsible for the management of different electrolytes and the care of homeostasis [20] . Sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) are chief components of extracellular and intracellular fluids, respectively, therefore the raised levels of these electrolytes could signify renal dysfunction, mainly at glomerular and tubular levels [19]. The current result showed that KBrO 3 was correlated with a significant increase in serum levels of Na + and K + ions; this agrees with Adewale et al [6] who mentioned that oral ingestion of KBrO 3 alone increased significantly the serum electrolytes "Na + , Cl -, HCO 3 and K + ".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against Potassium Bromate-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

Kamel

Fouad²,

Mohamed³

2022

Egyptian Journal of Zoology

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KBrO 3 is a vital component used in food, beer, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic productions; it produces moderate-to-dangerous toxic insults to a variety of organs. This study aimed to investigate if Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract (MOE) can protect rats from KBrO 3 -induced renal toxicity. Four experimental groups of male albino rats (Sprague Dawley) were used here (n=8): control, MOE (400 mg/kg body weight), KBrO 3 (100 mg/kg body weight), and KBrO 3 in combination with MOE groups. Daily for six weeks, each group received orally its unique treatment. After the experimental period kidneys and serum were collected for biochemical, molecular, and histological investigations. The KBrO 3 treatment was associated with a significant rise in serum levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium. KBrO 3 also caused a significant increase in the renal tissue levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, while reducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the renal tissues. Moreover, KBrO 3 led to kidney inflammation and fibrosis by increasing the tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and tumor growth factor-β1, which was followed by upregulation in the renal expression of miRNA 21 (miR-21), miR-29, and miR-192. In comparison to the control group, histopathological evaluation of the KBrO 3 group revealed degenerative alterations and damage in the kidney tissues. Conversely, co-treatment with MOE revealed a noticeable alleviation of the harmful effects of KBrO 3 in almost all examined parameters. In conclusion, MOE could be utilized as an alternative therapy to alleviate the detrimental effects of KBrO 3 on kidneys due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-fibrotic activities.

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Dose-Dependent Chemopreventive Effect of Methanol Extract of Carica papaya Seed on Potassium Bromate- Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Nephro-protective Efficacy of African Locust Bean Seed against Potassium Bromate-induced Renal Damage

Nephro-protective Efficacy of African Locust Bean Seed against Potassium Bromate-induced Renal Damage

Protective and Curative Potential of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Corchorus olitorius against Potassium Bromate-Induced Renal Toxicity

Protective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against Potassium Bromate-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

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