Dose Dependent Effects of Aqueous Extract of Garcinia cambogia Desr. Against Letrozole Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Female Adult Rats With Possible Mechanisms Exploration

Abstract

Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine metabolic disorder of women. Purpose This study aimed to explore the potential of aqueous extract of Garcinia cambogia Desr. (AEGC) in PCOS. Methodology The HPLC was used to determine the phytoconstituents present in Garcinia cambogia. Thirty adult female albino rats were divided into 6 groups: Normal control (NC) disease Control (PCOS; letrozole 1 mg/kg), plant extract (AEGC 100, 300, 500 mg/kg) and standard (metformin; 20 mg/kg). Disease was confirmed by vaginal smear cytology. After 10 weeks, animals were euthanized, ovaries dissected for histopathology, blood collected for hormonal and biochemical analysis. Results HPLC analysis showed the presence of phenolic contents; chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, coumaric acid while flavonoid contents were quercetin, kaempferol, and rutin. After treatment, there was dose dependent reduction of weight, ovarian cysts, improvement of follicle growth. DPPH radical scavenging percentage was 67.89%. Hormonal analysis showed a significant improvement ( P < .05) in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, and progesterone while a reduction in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin level. Antioxidant enzymatic markers were significantly ( P < .05) increased. Lipid profile and LFTs were also improved. Conclusions The study validated the potential of Garcinia cambogia in the management of PCOS.

Pharmacological Potential of Hippophae rhamnoides L. Nano-Emulsion for Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Animals’ Model: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

“…Likewise, metformin, a well-known sensitizing insulin, also has a similar type of lipid profile improvement. These findings are persistent with previous reports that HR is effective in reducing weight gain as well as lowering the TC and TG. , …”

“…PCOS is a metabolic abnormality, and it has a bad impact on the weight and lipid profile. PCOS increases total cholesterol (TC), LDL, and TG, while it decreases the HDL level significantly . PCOS may lead to obesity, which also plays a role in hypertriglyceridemia .…”

“…These findings are persistent with previous reports that HR is effective in reducing weight gain as well as lowering the TC and TG. 6,35 PCOS patients have hyperinsulinemia that may also cause hyperglycemia, possibly due to insulin resistance. In PCOS patient's, the proposed mechanism behind hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance comorbidities is an increase in the visceral adipose tissue.…”

“…Hyperinsulinemia may increase aberrant androgen production as well as alter folliculogenesis and menstrual cyclicity; all of these are hallmarks of PCOS. 6 Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HR), a member of the family Elaeagnaceae commonly called sea buckthorn oil, also has a history of its traditional medicinal use to treat stomach ulcers, liver dysfunction, and various conditions of skin damage due to the presence of flavonoids, phenols vitamins, and minerals. 7 The sea buckthorn plant, also known as the Chinese medicinal herb, is indigenous to Siberia, Central Asia, China, Mongolia, and the Caucasus regions.…”

“…Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are common in women with PCOS, with rates as high as 95% in obese women. Hyperinsulinemia may increase aberrant androgen production as well as alter folliculogenesis and menstrual cyclicity; all of these are hallmarks of PCOS …”