Dose-response relationship between light irradiance and the suppression of plasma melatonin in human volunteers

Brainard, George C.; Lewy, Alfred J.; Menaker, Michael; Fredrickson, R. H.; Miller, Lyndsey M.; Weleber, Richard G.; Cassone, Vincent M.; Hudson, David

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90820-7

Cited by 215 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Measurements of light in the crew facility revealed a spectral power distribution consistent with fluorescent lighting (SI Appendix, Fig. S6) with low intensity in the 446-to 477-nm wavelength region of the photon spectrum, which is the most potent region for synchronizing or phase-shifting circadian rhythms of sleep and waking (13,14) and for promoting sleep timing in polar darkness (15). A separate experiment sponsored by the European Space Agency involved adding blue-light exposure late (days 439-499) in the mission (SI Appendix, SI Text).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A number of factors may contribute to a prolonged sleep-wake cycle during confinement and isolation, including exercise (19) and light exposure at sensitive portions of the circadian-phase response curve for each zeitgeber (11). The circadian system is sensitive to even low levels of light before body temperature minimum (20), which can induce phase delays in molecular mechanisms of entrainment (21), suppress melatonin secretion (13), and induce longer sleep-wake periods (22). Examination of light-exposure data revealed that crewmember b was awake later at night and exposed to light at times that may have contributed to repeated phase delays of his sleep-wake cycle (23,24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mars 520-d mission simulation reveals protracted crew hypokinesis and alterations of sleep duration and timing

Basner

Dinges

Mollicone

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

154

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The success of interplanetary human spaceflight will depend on many factors, including the behavioral activity levels, sleep, and circadian timing of crews exposed to prolonged microgravity and confinement. To address the effects of the latter, we used a highfidelity ground simulation of a Mars mission to objectively track sleep-wake dynamics in a multinational crew of six during 520 d of confined isolation. Measurements included continuous recordings of wrist actigraphy and light exposure (4.396 million min) and weekly computer-based neurobehavioral assessments (n = 888) to identify changes in the crew's activity levels, sleep quantity and quality, sleep-wake periodicity, vigilance performance, and workload throughout the record-long 17 mo of mission confinement. Actigraphy revealed that crew sedentariness increased across the mission as evident in decreased waking movement (i.e., hypokinesis) and increased sleep and rest times. Light exposure decreased during the mission. The majority of crewmembers also experienced one or more disturbances of sleep quality, vigilance deficits, or altered sleep-wake periodicity and timing, suggesting inadequate circadian entrainment. The results point to the need to identify markers of differential vulnerability to hypokinesis and sleepwake changes during the prolonged isolation of exploration spaceflight and the need to ensure maintenance of circadian entrainment, sleep quantity and quality, and optimal activity levels during exploration missions. Therefore, successful adaptation to such missions will require crew to transit in spacecraft and live in surface habitats that instantiate aspects of Earth's geophysical signals (appropriately timed light exposure, food intake, exercise) required for temporal organization and maintenance of human behavior.sleep-wake regulation | astronaut T he success of human interplanetary spaceflight, which is anticipated to be in this century, will depend on the ability of spacefarers to remain confined and isolated from Earth much longer than previous missions or simulations, while maintaining the intensity and timing of behavioral activity necessary to accomplish the mission and mitigate the effects of microgravity. A total of four people have spent >1 y in space, with the record of 437 consecutive days on the Mir space station set by Valery Polyakov. The longest Earth-based spaceflight simulation involved four Russians confined in connected hyperbaric chambers for 240 consecutive days. Antarctic winter-over missions have extended up to 363 d. Prediction of how prolonged confinement affects activity levels and sleep-wake dynamics of space explorers is needed to inform spacecraft habitability requirements, crew selection, and behavioral countermeasures during interplanetary missions (1-3). To address this need, we obtained objective neurobehavioral data on the activity patterns of a multinational, culturally diverse crew of six males with backgrounds in engineering, medicine, physiology, and space training, who participated in a high-fidelity g...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mars 520-d mission simulation reveals protracted crew hypokinesis and alterations of sleep duration and timing

Basner

Dinges

Mollicone

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

154

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“…(1980) found that light of 2500 lux or more was re quired to suppress nocturnal human melatonin secre1iIm. Later, however, Brainard et al (1988) found that when they carefully controlled ocular exposure, pupil brysize, and stimulus characteristics, nocturnal plasma melatonin could be strongly suppressed with as little as 15 to 20 lux. Thus the method of light presentation may be more important than its absolute illuminance (lux) value in determining its biologic or therapeutic i&caC\'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multicenter Study of the Light Visor for Seasonal Affective Disorder: No Difference in Efficacy Found Between Two Different Intensities

Rosenthal¹,

Moul²,

Hellekson

et al. 1993

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Fifty-five patients with winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD) were treated with a light visor, a newly developed ,mabie light-delivery system, in a controlled parallel agn. A dim (400 lux) visor was compared with a Wight (6000 lux) visor for either 30 or 60 minutes in the .oming for 1 week. Response rates for these two IrtItments were 36% and 56%, respectively; the duration � treatment sessions did not affect outcome. There was lEY WORDS: Seasonal affective disorder; Phototherapy; light; Circadian rhythms; Seasons; DepressionThe efficacy of bright-light therapy in the treatment of winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD) (Rosenthal et t 1984) has been well established (for reviews see Rosen

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“…In healthy subjects, exposure to monochromatic (509 nm) light overnight suppresses melatonin secretion in a dose-dependent manner. 61 This knowledge has led to the demonstration that bright light exposure, correctly timed, can facilitate shift workers' adjustment. 62,63 The use of interior illumination for biological effect remains somewhat controversial.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lighting Quality Contributions from Biopsychological Processes

Veitch

2001

Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. Society, 30, 1, pp. 3-16, 2001-04-01 Lighting quality contributions from biopsychological processes Veitch, J. A. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Lighting quality contributions from biopsychological processes Veitch, J.A.A version of this paper is published in / Une version de ce document se trouve dans :Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, v. 30, no. 1, 2001, pp. 3-16 www.nrc.ca/irc/ircpubs NRCC-42468© AbstractInternal processes, both biological and psychological, are thought to mediate the relationships between luminous conditions and such behavioral outcomes as task performance, mood, social behavior, aesthetic judgements and satisfaction. This review paper summarizes the state of knowledge concerning mediating biopsychological processes: visibility, photobiology, and stress and arousal. Visibility is well-understood and obviously relevant to lighting practice. Photobiology, however, is a new entrant to the realm of lighting research; its findings could have important implications for recommended illuminance levels if these were based on more than visibility. Stress and arousal, interrelated concepts, are popular notions, but close examination reveals only weak support for these mechanisms as explanations of lighting effects on behavior. The improved organization of research and increased predictive power that would result from clear exposition of theoretical mechanisms in lighting research holds promise for progress in linking research and application.Lighting Quality and Biopsychology / 2 Introduction Renewed interest in lighting quality emerged in the early 1990s, in parallel with the development of energy codes and standards. Lighting practitioners remembered the energy conservation strategies of the 1970s energy crisis, in which delamping reduced overall light levels and produced uneven distributions of light. Energy was saved, but lighting quality declined. Lighting designers of the day decried this simplistic approach to conservation and feared that similar strategies would occur again.1-3 Committees were struck by the major associations, and many conference sessions on lighting quality were convened.The definition of lighting quality most widely adopted in these discussions has been an emergent one, in which lighting quality is the degree of excellence achieved, in terms of meeting human needs 4 and integration of these outcomes with energy conservation and architecture.5 Veitch and Newsham...

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Dose-response relationship between light irradiance and the suppression of plasma melatonin in human volunteers

Cited by 215 publications

References 28 publications

Mars 520-d mission simulation reveals protracted crew hypokinesis and alterations of sleep duration and timing

Mars 520-d mission simulation reveals protracted crew hypokinesis and alterations of sleep duration and timing

A Multicenter Study of the Light Visor for Seasonal Affective Disorder: No Difference in Efficacy Found Between Two Different Intensities

Lighting Quality Contributions from Biopsychological Processes

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