Doses from accidental releases of tritium and activation products into the atmosphere

Raskob, W.

doi:10.1007/bf01059371

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Because of the very high densities of the compressed targets, the fusion burst lasts about 100 ps or less. This is clearly seen in Figs 1 to 3, which correspond to a fuel density of 500 g/cm 3 .…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of Dt X Target Burnupmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…A fundamental problem in relation to areal density is the fuel mass. For ρR = 15 g/cm 2 , it is 56 mg at 500 g/cm 3 . For ρR = 30 g/cm 2 it rises to 452 mg, which is too high by any account.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of Dt X Target Burnupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with T in kiloelectronvolts. If the relation between n e , n i and density ρ (g/cm 3 ) is taken into account for a DT x plasma (for any x value) we can write…”

Section: Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tritium inventories in futuristic fusion reactors based on current stoichiometric DT proposals are very high, which poses a very significant radiological problem [1][2][3][4]. Besides that, tritium must be bred in external blankets of non-negligible complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A tritium catalytic fusion reactor concept

Martínez‐Val

Eliezer

Henis³

et al. 1998

Nucl. Fusion

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The performance of deuterium targets with small tritium seeding is analysed. The objective is to take advantage of the features of fusion reactivity ratios for very high burning temperatures in order to minimize tritium needs and to reduce the ignition temperature as much as possible. It is found theroretically and computationally that there is a regime for deuterium-tritium DTx plasmas (with x ≈ 0.03) where the final content of tritium in the pellet debris is the same as the initial contents in the original pellet. No external blankets to breed tritium would thus be needed. Although energy gains are limited because of the small fusion yield of DD reactions, the energy gain of DTx targets is higher than that of pure deuterium plasmas. The ignition temperature and the driver energy are lower than the corresponding values of DD pellets. This concept is also very useful to reduce the tritium inventory and to simplify the complexity of inertial fusion reactors which use stoichiometric DT.

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Section: Numerical Simulation Of Dt X Target Burnupmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Numerical Simulation Of Dt X Target Burnupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with T in kiloelectronvolts. If the relation between n e , n i and density ρ (g/cm 3 ) is taken into account for a DT x plasma (for any x value) we can write…”

Section: Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A tritium catalytic fusion reactor concept

Martínez‐Val

Eliezer

Henis³

et al. 1998

Nucl. Fusion

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“…In analyses for environmental impacts and facility safety basis, downwind dispersion is modeled using Gaussian plume models such as AERMOD (US EPA 2022) and CAP88. Some of these models, such as CAP88 (Michelotti et al 2013) or UFOTRI (Raskob 1990), have been developed or used for predictions of tritium (T) dispersion in the environment. While models do account for some surface characteristics through the inclusion of turbulence parameters or adjustment of the logarithmic profile, only some, such as UFOTRI, account for vegetation interactions with the airborne plume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Deuterium Oxide Deposition Velocity Over a Forest Environment

Viner,

Swindle,

Angelette

et al. 2023

Health Physics

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Field experiments were performed to evaluate the deposition velocity of tritium oxide within a forest environment at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC. Field releases were designed to guide selection of deposition velocity values for use in safety-basis modeling. Six releases of deuterium oxide were conducted in 2020 and 2021 with corresponding air samples during and following each release. Samples were analyzed to determine the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in water and converted to concentrations of deuterium in the air during the experiment. Measurements were compared to prior model simulations to evaluate model performance and deposition velocity estimates. Field releases demonstrated vertical and horizontal mixing of a plume in a forest. Predicted deposition velocities ranged from 2.4 to 5.4 cm s−1 on average. In all cases, model simulations underpredicted deuterium concentration by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, indicating the model does not sufficiently mix the plume into the forest. While the model underestimated the transfer of material downward through the forest, it does suggest that the model’s estimates are conservative for making downwind dose estimates because of lower plume depletion, leading to higher concentration and dose estimates. While the field releases do not cover all possible meteorological conditions, we conclude it is appropriate to use a non-zero deposition velocity when performing safety-basis modeling of tritium oxide based on conservatism within the model. A recommendation of 1.0 cm s−1 as a deposition velocity is made, which is beyond the 95th percentile value estimated from the prior modeling study.

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